Convective and Advective Heat Transfer in Geological Systems

The study of heat transfer mechanisms in hydrothermal systems is important for understanding the basic physics behind orebody formation and mineralization in the upper crust (Bickle and Mckenzie 1987; Bjorlykke et al. 1988; Brady 1988; England and Thompson 1989; Hoisch 1991; Connolly 1997). Generally, heat energy may be transferred within the crust in the following forms: conduction, advection (including forced convection) where the heat is carried by a moving mass of rock during def- mation or by a moving uid, convection (i. e. , free convection, natural convection, buoyancy driven convection, temperature gradient driven convection) and a com- nation of these processes. Since advective ow is usually generated by a pore- uid pressure gradient, heat transfer due to advective ow is largely dependent on the pore- uid pressure gradient distribution in hydrothermal systems. A typical ex- ple of this advective ow is the upward through ow caused by lithostatic pore- uid pressure gradients within the lower crust. Extensive studies (Connolly and Ko 1995; Etheridge et al. 1983; England et al. 1987; Fyfe et al. 1978; Walther and Orville 1982; Peacock 1989; Yardley and Bottrell 1992; Hanson 1992; Yardley and Lloyd 1995; Norton and Knapp 1970) have shown that lithostatic pore- uid pressure can be built up by metamorphic uids arising from devolatilization and dehydration - actions, if the permeability is low enough to control uid ow in the lower crust.

Dr Chongbin Zhao obtained BE and PhD in Tsinghua University, China. He worked as Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Research Fellow, Senior Project Scientist, and Senior Research Scientist in Australia. He also worked as Professor, Cheung Kong Scholar, and Chair Professor in China. He is an author of more than 130 papers in peer-refereed international journals.

Dr Bruce Hobbs obtained a BSc and PhD from Sydney University and has held academic positions at The University of California at Los Angeles and Davis, The Australian National University, Monash University and The State University of NY at Albany. He has held senior positions in the Australian Commonwealth Research and Industrial Organization. He is author of over 140 papers in peer-refereed international journals.

Dr Alison Ord obtained a BSc from the University of Edinburgh and a PhD from the University of California at Los Angeles. She undertook research at Monash University before joining the Australian Commonwealth Research and Industrial Organization where she is presently a Chief Research Scientist. She is author of over 50 papers in peer-refereed international journals.