Copyright Exceptions and Limitations for research and education

All the international copyright agreements permit countries to introduce into their national legal system certain exceptions and limitations to copyright rights and most countries have accepted this possibility, although in fact they are aiming at different purposes. The present work is intended as a very brief overview of the legal framework in international, European and Greek context regarding copyright exceptions and limitations and more specific those that relate to research and education. More specific, the exceptions and limitations in the field of research and education are analyzed under the Berne Convention, the Rome Convention, the TRIPS Agreement, the WCT, the WPPT, the InfoSoc Directive and the Greek Copyright Act. Additionally in a distinct section, the present work shall examine what Text and Data Mining (TDM) is and how it is linked with the exception of scientific research under the InfoSoc and Database Directive. Finally, a short presentation is attempted of the degree of harmonization between the Member States as well as of the very recent effort of the European Commission to promote the modernization of three different fields of copyright law.