xxii CONTENTS In 1957 I was invited to work on special problems in Magnetic Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of USSR as a Head of Department of Magnetic Hydrodynamics. In few years this Laboratory was transfered into the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, and I continued to work in this Institute up to 1965. In parallel I also worked at Moscow State University as Professor in the CR and Space Research Team. I also gave lectures in Irkutsk, Alma-Ata, Nalchik, Tbilisi, Erevan, Samarkand, and others places. Over about 40 years of teaching under my supervision more than hundred graduate students and scientists in USSR and some other countries gained their Ph. D. and several tenths became Doctors of Science. As my hobby I continued to work in CR research, and as Vice-President of All-Union Section of Cosmic Rays and Radiation Belts, took an active part in preparing the Soviet net of CR stations to the IGY (International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958): we equipped all soviet stations in USSR and in Antarctica with standard cubic and semi-cubic muon telescopes and with neutron monitors of IGY (or Simpson’s) type. In connection with preparing for the IQSY (the International Quiet Sun Year, 1964-1965), the soviet net of CR stations was extended about two fold and they were equipped with neutron super-monitors of IQSY type (with an effective surface about 10 times bigger than the previous monitor of IGY type).
The book consists of four Chapters. Chapter 1 shortly describes main properties of space plasmas and primary CR, different types of CR interactions with space plasmas components (matter, photons, and frozen in magnetic fields).
Chapter 2 considers the problem of CR propagation in space plasmas described by the kinetic equation and different types of diffusion approximations (diffusion in momentum space and in pitch-angle space, anisotropic diffusion, anomaly CR diffusion and compound diffusion, the influence of magnetic clouds on CR propagation, non-diffusive CR particle pulse transport).
Chapter 3 is devoted to CR non-linear effects in space plasmas caused by CR pressure and CR kinetic stream instabilities with the generation of Alfvèn turbulence (these effects are important in galaxies, in the Heliosphere, in CR and gamma-ray sources and in the processes of CR acceleration).
In Chapter 4 different processes of CR acceleration in space plasmas are considered: the development of the Fermi statistical mechanism, acceleration in the turbulent plasma, Alfven mechanism of magnetic pumping, induction mechanisms, acceleration during magnetic collapse and compression, cumulative acceleration mechanism near the zero lines of a magnetic field, acceleration in shear flows, shock-wave diffusion (regular) acceleration.
The book ends with a list providing more than 1,300 full references, a discussion on future developments and unsolved problems, as well as Object and Author indexes. This book will be useful for experts and students in CR research, Astrophysics and Geophysics, and in Space Physics.
