Criminal Tribe to Primitive Tribal Group and the Role of Welfare State

This book deals with the marginalisation of a minority tribal group (the Lodhas) in the West Bengal state of India and the role of a democratic welfare state in improving the living conditions of the tribe. The Lodha tribal community of West Bengal has a long history of drawing the attention of administrators, anthropologists, social activists and the media. In the colonial times, this community was designated as a 'criminal tribe' and carried the social stigma during the post-colonial period, although the Government created category after category (eg: 'Denotified' and 'Primitive Tribal Group') to designate this marginalised community. The grass root level reality, which emerged from media reports, anthropologists' accounts and activists' literature, revealed that the marginalisation of the Lodhas continued long after the Independence of the country. What seemed to lacking in the long narrative of the Lodhas is an empirical, comprehensive and specific location based field study on the assessment of the various attempts by the Government and the administration towards the process of development of this marginalised tribal community of West Bengal. Under this broader context, this book is a modest attempt to make a location based empirical assessment of the ground realities of the development of the Lodhas, which revealed from the beginning until today, the governmental attempts towards the improvement of the living conditions of the community which were misplaced, and as a result, the funds remained wasted and did not work at all, although variations in terms of utilisation were also observed. It is therefore recommended that a more careful and down to earth approach which is sensitive towards the needs of the community should be undertaken to demarginalise the Lodhas of West Bengal