DIABETES MELLITUS AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE: A Bidirectional Pathophysiological Review

Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease is a comprehensive exploration of the intricate and dynamic relationship between two of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting global health. Bridging the fields of medicine and dentistry, this book delves into the pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic dimensions of diabetes mellitus and its profound influence on periodontal health—and vice versa.With a comprehensive historical overview, progressing contemporary classifications and diagnostic criteria, this text offers a deep exploration of the biological mechanisms connecting systemic metabolic disorders with oral inflammatory disease. It thoughtfully examines how persistent hyperglycemia impairs immune response, compromises vascular health, and disrupts tissue repair—ultimately accelerating periodontal breakdown. In parallel, it presents compelling clinical evidence showing how periodontal inflammation may worsen glycemic control, thereby reinforcing the bi-directional interplay between diabetes and periodontal disease.