Dark Energy -- Laboratory Simulations Lead to Predictions of

Small scale laboratory simulations, in a plasma tunnel, were used to guide the formulation of a new dark energy theory. The simulations were used to demonstrate how and why dark energy produces the acceleration of main sequence stars. This led to the application of Newton's Law to quantify this star acceleration. This simulation forms the basis for a detailed explanation of how spiral galaxies, and other galaxies and star groups, were formed by dark energy. Finally, we are logically lead to dark energy processes that would result in the formation of Voids, Walls, and Clusters. Correlations, between theoretical predictions and astronomical observations, show that the predictions are consistent with the observations. Six additional chapters have been added in this second edition. Two chapters include additional small scale laboratory simulations, that are related to supersonic and hypersonic dark energy. Two chapters give a detailed description of how dark energy acted as the catalyst that led to the formation of spiral galaxies, as well as other types of galaxies and star groups. The remaining two chapters outline how dark energy acted as the catalyst that resulted in the creation of Voids, Walls, and Clusters.