Database Repairing and Consistent Query Answering (Synthesis Lectures on Data Management)

Integrity constraints are semantic conditions that a database should satisfy in order to be an appropriate model of external reality. In practice, and for many reasons, a database may not satisfy those integrity constraints, and for that reason it is said to be inconsistent. However, and most likely, a large portion of the database is still semantically correct, in a sense that has to be made precise. After having provided a formal characterization of consistent data in an inconsistent database, the natural problem emerges of extracting that semantically correct data, as query answers. The consistent data in an inconsistent database is usually characterized as the data that persists across all the database instances that are consistent and minimally differ from the inconsistent instance. Those are the so-called repairs of the database. In particular, the consistent answers to a query posed to the inconsistent database are those answers that can be simultaneously obtained from all the database repairs. As expected, the notion of repair requires an adequate notion of distance that allows for the comparison of databases with respect to how much they differ from the inconsistent instance. On this basis, the minimality condition on repairs can be properly formulated. In this monograph we present and discuss these fundamental concepts, different repair semantics, algorithms for computing consistent answers to queries, and also complexity-theoretic results related to the computation of repairs and doing consistent query answering. Table of Contents: Introduction / The Notions of Repair and Consistent Answer / Tractable CQA and Query Rewriting / Logically Specifying Repairs / Decision Problems in CQA: Complexity and Algorithms / Repairs and Data Cleaning

Leopoldo Bertossi has been Full Professor at the School of Computer Science, Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada) since 2001. He is Faculty Fellow of the IBM Center for Advanced Studies. He obtained a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (PUC) in 1988. He has been the theme leader for “Adaptive Data Quality and Data Cleaning" of the “NSERC Strategic Network for Data Management for Business Intelligence" (BIN), an ongoing umbrella research project that involves more than 15 academic researchers across Canada plus several industrial partners. Until 2001 he was professor and departmental chair (1993–1995) at the Department of Computer Science, PUC, and was also the President of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) in 1996 and 1999–2000. He has been visiting professor at the computer science departments of the universities of Toronto (1989/90), Wisconsin-Milwaukee (1990/91), Marseille-Luminy (1997) and visiting re[1]searcher at the Technical University Berlin (1997/98), visiting researcher and professor at the Free University of Bolzano-Bozen (Italy). In 2006, he was a visiting researcher at the Technical University of Vienna as a Pauli Fellow of the “Wolfgang Pauli Institute (WPI) Vienna". Prof. Bertossi’s research interests include database theory, data integration, peer data management, semantic web, intelligent information systems, data quality for business intelligence, knowledge representation, logic programming, and computational logic.