Defence Mechanisms (Biotechnology by Open Learning)

Gives a description of the strategies for survival of an extensive range of organisms. The defence mechanisms of micro-organisms, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates are described. The text predominantly focusses on the cellular and molecular
mechanisms used by organisms to protect themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses.


The need for a cost effective training scheme for new and existing staff at all levels has been met by the University of Greenwich (formerly Thames Polytechnic) and the Open University of the Netherlands. As part of the Community Education and
Technology Training initiative (COMETT) and in conjunction with a number of UK and european universities, they have developed BIOTOL, a training scheme in biotechnology using open learning material which will provide tailor-made courses, flexible in context, pace and place.