In the evolving field of materials science and engineering, innovation and sustainability are crucial to addressing environmental challenges and improving resource efficiency. This Special Issue provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research focused on materials, cement, and waste reuse within the context of sustainable construction. It covers a broad range of topics, including the formulation and design of eco-friendly materials, advanced characterization techniques, and the evaluation of durability and long-term performance under various environmental and mechanical conditions, potentially supported by numerical modeling. Conventional and alternative binders, such as geopolymers and earth-based materials, as well as the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in enhancing performance while reducing environmental impact are also a point of focus. Particular attention is given to the valorization of sediments, clays, and industrial waste, alongside innovative strategies for waste treatment and reuse in construction applications.