Digital Transformation in Policing: The Promise, Perils and Solutions

Part I. Transformation in Policing: Technological Perspective

Introduction to Digital Policing

This chapter will provide an overview of Digital Policing with a main focus on the US and the UK police forces. As part of this overview, the chapter will explore how pervasive the use of technology in policing is and how day to day operations of police officers have changed compared to the past. As part of this study, the chapter aims to establish how often police follow patrols based on computer-forecast crime hot-spots, and what algorithmically based methods the police use when ranking people who are at risk of becoming victims or perpetrators of crime[1]^{, [2]}.

An Overview of AI, Big Data and Predictive Analytics in Digital Policing

This chapter will provide the readers with the necessary background knowledge in relation to what Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and Predictive Analytics are and how they are used within different sectors. The chapter will then proceed to discuss how these technologies are transforming traditional policing into modern, efficient policing.

A Study of Correlation between Big Data Policing and Reduction in Crime

There are currently few studies that have investigated the impact of Big Data Policing on the reductions in crime. Considering that these studies tend to be inconclusive¹ (Crime rates often relate to a number of factors such as economic and environmental forces that render it challenging to establish any underlying connection with a specific technology.), this chapter will aim to synthesise this research to determine to what extent BDP has facilitated reductions in crime.

Part II. The Promises

The Use of Big Data and Predictive Analytics in Modern Policing

This chapter will explore how Big Data and Predictive Analytics are transforming policing around the world. In particular, the chapter will focus on how the US' and the UK's police forces use these technologies to predict and identify individuals who might become perpetrators or victims of crime.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Policing

This chapter will explore how Big Data and Predictive Analytics are transforming policing around the world. In particular, the chapter will focus on how the US' and the UK's police forces use these technologies to predict and identify individuals who might become perpetrators or victims of crime.

Enterprise Geographic Information System and Digital Policing

This chapter will examine the ways in which Enterprise GIS supports policing operations. To this end, the chapter will explore how the implementation of an Enterprise GIS platform across a police services could facilitate data-driven decision making to address important questions such as where and when communities are most at risk, and how the police mitigate these risks[3].

Criminal Intelligence, Crime Pattern Analysis and Operational Policing

This chapter will investigate how intelligence analysis is used as a tool to understand crime and disorder and offer insight, clarity and context to decision makers. As part of this examination, a number of analytical techniques will be discussed including: regression and data mining techniques, GIS data mining, neural network, and support vector machine, etc. The chapter will discuss major theories of criminal behaviour such as routine activity theory, rational choice theory, and crime pattern theory.

Cell Site Analysis and ANPR Mapping

This chapter will discuss how law enforcement agencies deploy Cell Cire Ana