In 1960 and 1961, a group of young Indonesians �completed their studies in Berlin and Hanover with a degree in architecture (Diplom-Ingenieur Architektur; in Indonesian: Dipl.-Ing. Arsitek).

Most of these graduates returned to Indonesia. At that time, the country sought independent forms of built expression to represent a modern civil society with contemporary structures that would reflect the culture and accommodate the climate. During this highly dynamic period, those who returned soon became influential architects in their homeland. Around a third of the graduates remained in Europe, where they pursued successful architectural careers in Germany, Switzerland, or the Netherlands.

Using the final diploma projects of ten of those students as a starting point, Dipl.-Ing. Arsitek: German-trained �Indonesian Architects from the 1960s provides multi�faceted insights into this little-known aspect of German-�Indonesian relations. Many of the cited plans and documents come from the architects’ personal archives and are now available to the public for the first time. Fifteen exemplary buildings are documented in their current context in new photographs produced for this project, highlighting their unique characteristics and qualities.

About the Authors

Moritz Henning is an architect, writer, and independent researcher based in Berlin, Germany. He is one of the initiators of the international platform Encounters with Southeast Asian Modernism, which explores the legacy of postcolonial modern architecture and contemporary urban development in Southeast Asia.

Eduard K�gel is a curator and independent researcher based in Berlin, Germany. He received a PhD from Bauhaus Universit�t Weimar. He is one of the initiators of the international platform Encounters with Southeast Asian Modernism, which explores the legacy of postcolonial modern architecture and contemporary urban development in Southeast Asia.

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