Direct or Indirect Endocrine and Metabolic Consequences of Malignancies

Malignancies of endocrine organs, such as the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, significantly affect the metabolism of patients, leading to poor prognosis and high mortality; In addition, malignancies of other organs (such as the pancreas and lung) also cause endocrine or metabolic syndromes, such as Cushing's syndrome, hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia, male mammogenesis, which are called para-neoplastic syndrome. Moreover, the commonly used chemo-, targeted- and immune therapeutic agents (especially immunocheckpoint inhibitors) also have non-negligible impacts on endocrine homeostasis, sometimes life-threatening, through various potential mechanisms. This book aims to spotlight the direct endocrine consequences of malignancies from endocrine or other organs. Also, it seeks to investigate indirect endocrine consequences of malignancies after therapeutic treatments.