Discussion of Errors in Gain Measurements of Standard Electromagnetic Horns (Classic Reprint)

Measuring antenna gain with standard electromagnetic horns to understand and limit uncertainty

This technical note explains how to calibrate and measure the gain of standard electromagnetic horns. It shows how to use a reference horn to increase confidence in calculated gains and discusses the practical limits of measurement accuracy.

In clear steps, the book describes the method, the key assumptions, and the factors that influence results. It analyzes mismatch errors in comparison tests and explores how horn design, scattering, and VSWR affect measurement reliability. The discussion includes guidance on planning measurements, choosing antenna separations, and interpreting results for reliable calibration.

- How the identical-antenna method and comparison technique work, including the role of reference and test horns
- How assumptions like free-space conditions, far-field behavior, and uniform aperture illumination impact accuracy
- How mismatch, reflections, and horn design influence errors and how to minimize them
- Practical conclusions on achievable uncertainty and recommendations for standard horn design improvements

Ideal for readers involved in microwave standards, antenna calibration, and the development of reference horns.