Distraction Osteogenesis

Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis (CDO) is based on the biologic process of new bone formation between the surfaces of two divided bone segments under the influence of traction forces. The gap between the bone segments is initially filled with collagen fibers that serve as the mesh in which a callus begins to emerge. The process of bone formation is initiated by the application of distraction to the osteotomised segment. The generated tension stimulates new bone formation parallel to the vector of distraction. As distraction proceeds, bone formation advances along the collagen fibers, starting from the surfaces of the existing bone ends and progressing towards the fibrous interzone. The application of osteodistraction offers novel solutions for surgical – orthodontic management of developmental anomalies of the craniofacial skeleton. Similar to distraction osteogenesis in the long bones, craniofacial osteodistraction evolved from skeletal traction, osteotomy techniques and external fixation methods.