Droit Commercial. Commentaire Du Code De Commerce: Livre I, Titre Iii. Des Soci?t?s Suivi D'un Commentaire Des Lois Des 7-23 Juillet 856 Sur L'arbitrage Forc? Et Les Soci?t?s En Commandite Par Actions (Volume 1)

Droit Commercial. Commentaire Du Code De Commerce: Livre I, Titre III. Des Sociétés Suivi D'un Commentaire Des Lois Des 7-23 Juillet 856 Sur L'arbitrage Forcé Et Les Sociétés En Commandite Par Actions by Jassuda Bédarride. This analytic work examines how the social name (raison sociale) operates in two French commercial forms - societe en nom collectif (SNC) and societe en commandite - and the legal consequences for management, publicity and third party creditors. The social name embodies the joint enterprise and a form of mandate among associates. When published publicly, it represents the collective obligation of the associates, and the dissolution of the societe erases the name. In SNC, administration is collectively entrusted to all associates; any signatory of the social name acts as the companys agent. The court discusses whether a non-associe may manage or sign under the social name, and under what publicity such acts bind or mislead third parties. Publication and notices are crucial for publicity: if properly published, strangers are presumed to know the social status and liability boundaries; if not published, third parties may be deemed to act in good faith. In commandite, commanditaires contribute funds but do not manage; the social name designates the managing partner who remains responsible and jointly liable. The gerent has broad managerial authority within the act; deviations may expose the associates to liability toward creditors. Liability rules are outlined: commanditaires are liable up to their mise; if they participate in administration or misrepresent their status, they may become fully liable as associates. The treatise surveys historic authorities (Savary, Casaregis, Ansaldus, Pothier, Merlin, Troplong, Delangie, Malepeyre, Jourdain, Pardessus) and courts; it defends the Code approach to the social name as a mandate and public symbol against earlier interpretations that allowed broader private manipulation or invalidation of the social name. Post-dissolution issues cover recovering mislabeled profits or dividends and conditions under which commanditaires must restitute or may retain distributions (with good faith considerations and publication requirements). The practical aim is to prevent fraud by ensuring the social name cannot be used to mislead creditors or the public, while enabling legitimate commercial operations through clear rules about administration, publication, and the binding effect of the social name.