Electric Vehicle's Photovoltaic Array Charging Using FOPID: Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative Controller Application

The necessity to modify EVs has arisen as a result of rising global warming and rising costs for carbon fuels. EVs utilize renewable sources of energy as a fuel that are both environmentally friendly and efficient. However, with the increasing demand for electric vehicles on the streets, conventional fossil fuel-based infrastructure is no more cost-effective or effective, necessitating the use of RER-based charging stations. Many experts have already researched in this field and presented some solutions for charging electric vehicles with solar Photovoltaic panels. Unfortunately, these systems were inefficient and had various problems, including large voltage and power oscillations. To overcome these limitations, an enhanced model, based on FOPID controller, is suggested in this book.