Electronic Struc & Magnetism of Inorganic Compounds Vol 2

Name: Electronic Struc & Magnetism of Inorganic Compounds Vol 2
Author: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 9780851862613

Royal Society of Chemistry

Language: English

Published by Royal Society of Chemistry, 1973

0851862616 / 9780851862613

Hardcover
New

See all details

Seller: moluna, Greven, Germanymoluna

5-star seller

AbeBooks seller since July 9, 2020

View this seller's items

Hardcover

Condition: New

US$ 506.01

US$ 54.51 shipping

Ships from Germany to U.S.A.

Quantity: Over 20 available

Add to basket

Free 30-day returns

Save for laterCreate a Want for similar items

Item description from seller

Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this book an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications.KlappentextrnrnReflecting the growing volume of published work in this fie.

Seller Inventory # 595095606

Contact seller about this item

Report this item

Title: Electronic Struc & Magnetism of Inorganic Compounds Vol 2
Author: Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Publication year: 1973
Condition: New
Binding: Gebunden
Language: English
ISBN 10: 0851862616
ISBN 13: 9780851862613

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Inorganic Compounds Volume 2

A Review of the Literature Published During 1971 and Early 1972

By P. Day

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Chapter 1 Photoelectron Spectroscopy By S. Evans and A. F. Orchard, 
Chapter 2 Electronic Spectra By P. Day and N. Sanders, 
Chapter 3 Optical Activity By R. G. Denning, 
Chapter 4 Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements By A. K. Gregson, 
Chapter 5 Molecular Calculations By A. Hamnett, 
Author Index, 358,

CHAPTER 1

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

BY S. EVANS AND A. F. ORCHARD

1 Introduction

Photoelectron spectroscopy remains an active field of research at both the fundamental spectroscopic level and also as regards its applications to problems in chemistry and physics. The scope of the technique as applied to a variety of chemical problems has been discussed in some review articles. These cover both gas-phase studies using U.V. exciting radiation ('u.v. molecular photoelectron spectroscopy') and solid state work using soft X-radiation ('X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy').

The proceedings of a major conference on electron spectroscopy in general, held at Asilomar, California, in September 1971, have recently been published. The contents provide a most illuminating perspective of the subject. Also now generally available are the proceedings of a conference on molecular spectroscopy (including photoelectron spectroscopy), held at Brighton, also in September 1971. These two publications will be fully reviewed in next year's Report, though we shall below make reference to any work germane to the 1971 literature.

Special mention should also be made of a recent review by Brundle on 'The Application of Electron Spectroscopy to Surface Studies'. A particularly valuable feature of this article for our purposes is the discussion of various branches of electron spectroscopy, such as Auger spectroscopy, which are not dealt with in the present Report.

2 Ultraviolet Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Instrumental. Few major advances have been reported this year, although there have been a number of interesting developments. High-quality work continues to appear from many types of analyser: however, it is worthy of note that in practice, equally high resolution may be obtained from the simpler analysers as from the more complex designs. For example, Price et al., using a conventional 10 cm radius 127° cylindrical analyser, have resolved the spin-orbit splitting in the first p.e. band of O2, first reported by Edqvist et al. in 1970; the latter used a variable retarding field with a 10 cm spherical analyser. A very simple and inexpensive spectrometer design, combining a variable retarding field with a very small deflection analyser, has been described. The results from this instrument, which is capable of 25 meV resolution, suggest that for many applications a relatively unsophisticated system is quite adequate. The use of a multi-channel analyser with a simple spherical-grid retarding spectrometer has been described by Delwiche et al. Although the resolution, ca. 30meV at best, is remarkable for this type of electron analyser, the sensitivity of the equipment described is very much less than is readily attainable using a conventional deflection analyser and counting system at much lower total cost.

The application of a type of analyser new to u.v.–p.e. work, the cylindrical mirror, has been described by Berkowitz, who also incorporated a high-temperature molecular beam generator in his instrument. The system in this mode, however, gives a performance which seems inferior to that of the new Perkin-Elmer heated inlet system on a more traditional instrument (see below). Studies on HF and DF also failed to establish any significant advantage for this analyser over the conventional type previously used by Brundle to study the same molecules. Moreover, the combination of a focussing lens system feeding a spherical analyser has been shown by Heddle to be superior theoretically (in terms of étendue) to the cylindrical mirror, although it has to be admitted that such an arrangement is inherently much more complex than a simple deflection analyser.

The variation of sensitivity with electron kinetic energy in deflection analysers has been discussed by Berkowitz and Guyon: they point out that the 'l/KE' factor frequently used to correct experimental intensities is not universally applicable. Moreover, in retarding analysers it now appears that whether the sensitivity is constant or declines with increasing electron kinetic energy depends on the optics of the retarding system used, and the position here is thus less straightforward than was implied in last year's Report.

Research by Perkin-Elmer Ltd. has now produced a simple and very effective method for running less-volatile materials. Using the lamp plasma as a source of heat, target chamber temperatures of up to ca. 500°C have been attained, although only 250° C is guaranteed in the current PS 18 model incorporating the device. This development should greatly extend the scope of vapour-phase u.v.–p.e. spectroscopy in the immediate future. As an alternative to a separate u.v.–p.e. instrument, the manufacturers of the established commercial X–p.e. equipment (vide infra, p. 22) all now offer accessory U.V. sources for gas-phase work. Varian, for example, claim 1OOOOO counts s-1 at 21 meV resolution (Ar 2P3/2 line) and 45 000 counts s-1 at 14 meV. No sample pressure is specified, but this performance would seem to be competitive with that of the purpose-built Perkin-Elmer PS 16–18 series as far as work at room temperature is concerned.

An increasing number of He-II spectra are now being reported. Although lamps giving virtually 100%, He-II radiation have been produced experimentally, using both windowed and windowless configurations (Figure l), the experimental difficulties continue to prevent their widespread application and many workers are still using photon fluxes of ca. 1 — 2% of the concomitant He-I output. The principal difficulties appear to centre on the problem of maintaining adequate helium purity at the very high current densities necessary for generation of the 304 Å, line in high intensity.

A Compilation of U.V. –P.E. References. — The inorganic molecules whose u.v. –p.e. spectra. have been reported or discussed in 1971 are listed below (Table 1). Some important related 1972 references have also been included, although comprehensive coverage of the 1972 literature has not been attempted. These latter references are enclosed in brackets. References to 1970 papers have been included in Table 1 only if no mention was made of them in last year's Report. Papers including He-II spectra are marked with a superscipt b: these papers usually include He-I spectra as well. A few organic molecules of particular spectroscopic or inorganic interest have been included, but we have not attempted a comprehensive survey of organic u.v.–p.e. work. Work concerned solely with angular distributions is considered separately below, and has not been included in Table 1.

It will be noted that this table is substantially shorter than last year's : nevertheless, it is our impression that there is no diminution of activity in the u.v.–p.e. field. Last year's Report was augmented by the massive compendium of Turner et al., the fruit of ten years' development work, and the publication of the Royal Society's discussion on p.e. spectroscopy. No such volumes have appeared this year, although we would like again to draw attention to the report of the conference on 'Electron Spectroscopy' held in Asilomar, California in 1971, and to the volume 'Molecular Spectroscopy (1971)', which were not in fact published until well into 1972, and will accordingly be fully discussed in next year's Report, A recent u.v.–p.e. review by Worley also merits attention.

Assignment Criteria. — A full account of the assignment criteria used to interpret u.v.–p.e. spectra was given in last year's Report, and therefore needs little elaboration here. All these criteria have continued to be extensively used during 1971, only one essentially new technique being introduced, the use of angular distribution measurements.

Angular Distribution Measurements. Measurements of the angular distribution of photoelectrons from monatomic and diatomic species are well established and have continued to appear in 1971. Some theoretical studies have also appeared, the results generally being in reasonable agreement with experiment. The relative magnitude of the p.e. intensity at an angle θ is given by

[MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1)

The anisotropy parameter β depends on the orbital involved and on the energy of the emitted photoelectron. The most interesting discovery this year is that the several vibrational elements of a band sometimes have different values of β: this may be expected when autoionization is known to occur (e.g. in the Ne-I spectrum of O2), but in the 584 Å spectrum of N2, for instance, it seems to be due to a breakdown of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The angular distribution of photoelectrons from different rotational H2 -> H2+ transitions has been investigated by Niehaus and Ruf: they find β = 1.95 for ΔN = 0 and 0.85 for ΔN = 2. However, these results are primarily of spectroscopic interest : as an aid to assignment the essential feature is that the variation of intensity with angle is different for ionization from different orbitals. This produces a change in overall band contour with angle whenever the band in question consists of several overlapping ionization processes, and calculation of β can in principle enable the orbitals in question to be identified. The recent publication of results for benzene8s (Figure 2) demonstrates that this method can be a very powerful assignment aid for polyatomic molecules even when accurate calculations of β are not feasible. (In the present instance, the assignment given last year by Åsbrink et al., using a sophisticated vibrational analysis, is confirmed.) Further data have very recently been published by Carlson et al., and the method clearly has considerable potential.

Calculations. Many workers have again made use of approximate MO calculations in their assignment of p.e. spectra. Nevertheless, the Reporters do not feel that much reliance should be placed on them as the principal basis for the assignment. Correlations with approximate calculations seem most helpful when the main features of the spectra in question can be assigned without their aid [e.g. F2O, Cl2O (Figure 3), xenon fluorides (Figure 9, p. 16)], and the experimental results used to pinpoint deficiencies in the computational method. That calculation alone is not a satisfactory means of assignment is clearly shown by the example of borazine, Two independent studies of substituted borazines have demonstrated that several earlier calculations inverted the uppermost filled levels. The importance of d-orbital participation in the valence structure of silicon and germanium compounds is another problem which has been studied this year by (inter alia) the correlation of approximate MO calculations and u.v.–p.e. results. The reliability of such methods is, however, open to question.

Discussion of Selected Results. — Small Molecules, Radical Species, and Excited States. In 1971 the majority of workers have again concentrated on the smaller molecular species. This is perhaps not very surprising, though it does seem to the Reporters that the assignment problem is often no harder in large molecules containing atoms of widely differing electronegativities than in small molecules with low symmetry, which in any case are often of more purely spectroscopic interest than chemical interest. Reliable assignment in these latter cases is often surprisingly difficult [e.g. carbonyl halides, NO (vide infra)].

The benefits of high resolution in the study of small molecules are well demonstrated in the high-resolution spectrum of H2S, reported recently both by Frost et al. and Potts and Price (Figure 4). Both these groups resolved fine structure on the high I.E. side of the second band (2A1), and both explain it as vibrational-rotational structure, in accord with the calculations of Dixon. Delwiche et al., however, working at lower resolution, ca. 50 meV (as were Turner et al. before them), fail to see this structure and consequently assume, erroneously, that the molecule predissociates where the main progression terminates.

However, the most impressive high-resolution work this year comes, once again, from Åsbrink et al., who continue their extremely careful studies on small molecules with another paper on nitric oxide. This not only includes a He-I spectrum at ca. 10 meV resolution — sufficient to resolve the spin–orbit splitting (12 — 16 meV) (Figure 5: cf. O2 last year) — but also a He-II spectrum at 25 meV resolution which took no less than 75 hours to record. This latter spectrum (Figure 6) incidentally contains an unusually small He self-absorption peak. This improved data enables the authors to correct the assignment they previously favoured: the weak band at 20.4 eV, previously assigned to the C3Π state, is shown to be due to an unsuspected 320.4Å line [2p2(3P) -> 1s2p(3PO)] in the discharge lamp. The C3Π and B1Π states are now believed to be almost degenerate at 21.7 eV, the band at 22.5 eV being assigned to B11Σ+. In addition, the I.E. values given in the earlier work are corrected by amounts ranging up to 10 meV. (The earlier assignment had also been questioned by Lefebvre-Brion, who, using CI methods, predicted weak additional bands in the spectrum.) This work demonstrates that the danger of misinterpretation of spectra due to the unsuspected existence of weak 'satellite' lines in the light can still be underestimated even by the most careful of workers. Other spectra of impressive quality reported by this group in 1971 include a number of organic molecules containing five-membered ring systems.

With the supply of very small stable molecules almost exhausted, some workers are turning to the p.e. spectroscopy of radical species and excited states. The atomic hydrogen spectrum contains but one band at 13.61 eV, in excellent agreement with expectations. Initially, the expected 2P ion state of oxygen was not detected, although the 4S and 2D states were clearly visible." However, in a later paper the same authors reproduce a spectrum (Figure 7) showing all three expected states of O+, but three other lines in this latter spectrum remain unexplained. Other examples reported include those of electronically excited (1Δg) oxygen, SO, and of the bent triatomic species NF2. This latter spectrum was assigned with the aid of INDO calculations on both radical and ion: recent ab initio calculations on NF2 and CF2 (isoelectronic with NF2+) also support the assignment proposed. Much of this work is of predominantly spectroscopic interest, though Jonathan et al. suggest that their results indicate the usefulness of u.v.–p.e. spectroscopy as a technique for studying gas kinetics.

Other groups, realizing perhaps that corrosive material can often be handled at low pressures without catastrophic damage to spectrometers, have been investigating such chemically reactive molecules as NSF, F2, and HF. Five groups, for example, have investigated the halogens this year. The earlier low-resolution data for fluorine reported by Frost et al, is shown to be in error, owing to nitrogen impurities in the sample: such contamination can be readily identified in the high-resolution p.e. spectrum by its characteristic vibrational structure. The new results are generally in good agreement with each other, although some of the I.E. error limits suggested seem rather optimistic considering the spread of values reported. The two groups working at the highest resolution observed 'hot bands' (p.e. bands arising from ionization of vibrationally excited molecules) in the chlorine and bromine spectra (see Figure 8), and the careful determination of the adiabatic I.P. values by Dibeler et al., who recorded photoion-yield curves at a number of temperatures, may therefore give the most reliable values. Brundle et al. have continued their interesting and technically very demanding work on the fluorides of the noble gases: the spectra of XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6 are shown in Figure 9. (The recently reported KrF2 p.e. spectra indicate that its electronic structure is very similar to that of XeF2). The MOs of predominantly F and Xe character are best separated in XeF2, but the 'fluorine bands' can easily be seen to grow in intensity as the proportion of fluorine in the molecule increases. It is noteworthy that the relative cross-section of the largely fluorine MOs appears to increase substantially in the He-II spectra. The first two bands in the XeF2 spectrum, both relatively sharp, represent the multiplet components of a 2Π ion state : the π MO involved must be relatively non-bonding, corresponding fairly closely to a πu (e1u) combination of xenon 'lone pairs'. The σ+u (a1u)combination of lone pairs is presumably intimately involved in the Xe-F σ-bonding. In the case of planar XeF4 there are formally two xenon lone pairs which yield alg and a2u symmetry combinations. The first band in the XeF4 spectrum probably concerns an antibonding a1g MO with considerable central-atom character, while the second somewhat sharper band arises from ionization of a weakly antibonding a2u MO of mainly xenon 5p character. In the spectrum of the approximately octahedral molecule XeF6 the first band is now very broad indeed and probably represents ionization of a strongly antibonding a1g MO formed from the single Xe lone pair A 0 and the fluorine a1g σ combinations.

(Continues...)

Excerpted from Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Inorganic Compounds Volume 2 by P. Day. Copyright © 1973 The Chemical Society. Excerpted by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

"About the title" may belong to another edition of this title.

moluna

Greven, Germany

5-star seller

AbeBooks seller since July 9, 2020

Shipping rates from Germany to U.S.A.

Item	26 to 60 business days	26 to 60 business days
First item	US$ 54.51	US$ 54.51

Delivery times are set by sellers and vary by carrier and location. Orders passing through Customs may face delays and buyers are responsible for any associated duties or fees. Sellers may contact you regarding additional charges to cover any increased costs to ship your items.

Payment methods

Bank Wire Transfer
Check
Paypal

Store description

Online Handel nur mit Neubüchern

Seller's business information

Moluna GmbH

Engberdingdamm 27
Greven, Germany 48268

Contact sellerView this seller's itemsView seller's storefront

Terms of sale

Instructions for revocation/
Standard Business Terms and customer information/ data protection declaration

Revocation right for consumers
(A ‘consumer’ is any natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities.)

Instructions for revocation

Revocation right
You have the right to revoke this contract within one month without specifying any reasons.
The revocation period is one month with effect from the day,

on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the products, provided you had ordered one or more products within the scope of a standard order and this/these product/products is/are delivered uniformly;
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last product, provided you had ordered several products within the scope of a standard order and these products are delivered separately;
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last part delivery or the last unit, provided you had ordered a product, which is delivered in several part deliveries or units;

In order to exercise your revocation right, you must inform us (Moluna GmbH, Engberdingdamm 27, 48268 Greven, Telephone number: 02571/5 69 89 33, Fax number: 02571/5 69 89 30, E-Mail address: abe@moluna.de) of your decision to revoke this contract by means of a clear declaration (e.g. a letter sent via post, fax or email). You can use the enclosed specimen revocation form for this, which however is not mandatory.

In order to safeguard the revocation period, it is sufficient that you send the notification about the exercise of the revocation right before the expiry of the revocation period.

Consequences of the revocation

If you revoke this contract, we shall repay all the payments, which we received from you, including the delivery costs (with the exception of additional costs, which arise from that fact that you selected a form of delivery other than the most reasonable standard delivery offered by us), immediately and at the latest within 14 days from the day on which we received the notification about the revocation of this contract from you. We use the same means of payment, which you had originally used during the original transaction, for this repayment unless expressly agreed otherwise with you; you will not be charged any fees owing to this repayment.

We can refuse the repayment until the products are returned to us or until you have furnished evidence that you have sent the products back to us, depending on whichever is earlier.

You must return or transfer the products to us immediately and, in any case, at the latest within 14 days with effect from the day on which you inform us of the revocation of this contract. The deadline is maintained if you send the products before the expiry of the 14 day deadline.

You bear the direct costs for returning the products.

You must pay for any depreciation of the products only if this depreciation can be attributed to any handling with you that was not necessary for checking the condition, features and functionality of the products.

Criteria for exclusion or expiry

The revocation right is not available for contracts

for delivery of products, which are not prefabricated and for whose manufacturing an individual selection or stipulation by the consumer is important or which are clearly tailored to the personal requirements of the consumer;
for delivery of products, which can spoil quickly or whose use-by date would be exceeded quickly;
for delivery of alcoholic drinks, whose price was agreed at the time of concluding the contract, which however can be delivered 30 days after the conclusion of the contract at the earliest and whose current value depends on the fluctuations in the market, on which the entrepreneur has no influence;
for delivery of newspapers, periodicals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts.

The revocation right expires prematurely in case of contracts

for delivery of sealed products, which are not suitable for return for reasons of health protection or hygiene if their seal has been removed after the delivery;
for delivery of products if they have been mixed inseparably with other goods after the delivery, owing to their condition;
for delivery of sound or video recording or computer software in a sealed package if the seal has been removed after the delivery.

Specimen - revocation form

(If you wish to revoke the contract, please fill up this form and send it back to us.)

To Moluna GmbH, Münsterstr. 105, 48268 Greven, Fax number: 02571/5 69 89 30, Email address: abe@moluna.de :
I/we () herewith revoke the contract concluded by me/ us () regarding the purchase of the following products ()/
the provision of the following service ()
Ordered on ()/ received on ()
Name of the consumer(s)
Address of the consumer(s)
Signature of the consumer(s) (only in case of a notification on paper)
Date

(*) Cross out the incorrect option.

Standard Business Terms and customer information / data protection declaration

I. Standard business terms

§ 1 Basic provisions

(1) The following terms and conditions of business apply for all contracts concluded with us as the supplier (Moluna GmbH) via the websites AbeBooks and/or ZVAB. Unless otherwise agreed, the inclusion of your own terms and conditions is explicitly rejected.

(2) A ‘consumer’ in the sense of the following regulations is every natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities. The term ‘businessman’ refers to every natural person, legal person or legally responsible partnership that concludes a legal transaction in pursuance of his/its independent professional or commercial activity.

§ 2 Conclusion of the contract

(1) The subject-matter of the contract is the selling of products .

(2) If an article is placed by us with AbeBooks or ZVAB, the activation of the page on AbeBooks or ZVAB shall involve the binding offer to conclude a contract under the terms and conditions contained in the article page.

(3) The contract shall become effective via the online shopping cart system as follows:
The products intended for purchase are moved to the "shopping cart". You can select the "Shopping Cart" using the appropriate buttons on the navigation bar and make changes there at any time.
After calling up the “Checkout” page and entering the required personal data and payment and shipping conditions, all order information is then displayed again on the order summary page.
Before submitting the order, you have the ability once more to review or change any information here (you may also use the "back" button on the Internet browser), or to cancel the purchase.
By clicking the “Buy now” button to submit the order, you declare your legally binding acceptance of the order which makes the contract effective.

(4) The execution of the order and the sending of all the details necessitated by the conclusion of the contract take place via e-mail, in a partially-automated manner. Consequently, you have to ensure that the e-mail address that you have deposited with us is the correct one, and that the receipt of the respective e-mails is guaranteed. In particular, you have to ensure that the respective e-mails are not blocked by a SPAM filter.

§ 3 Right of retention, reservation of proprietary rights

(1) You can only exercise a right of retention if the situation in question involves claims arising from the same contractual relationship.

(2) The goods remain our property until the purchase price is paid in full.

(3) If you are a businessman, the following conditions also apply:

a) We retain ownership of the goods until all the claims arising from the ongoing business relationship have been settled in full. The goods subject to retention of title may not be pledged or transferred by way of security before ownership of the said goods changes hands.

b) You can re-sell the goods within the framework of an orderly transaction. In this regard, you hereby cede all the claims amounting to the magnitude of the billing amount that accrue to you as a result of the re-selling operation to us, and we accept the cession. Furthermore, you are authorised to collect the claim in question. However, insofar as you do not discharge your payment obligations in an orderly fashion, we reserve the right to collect the claim ourselves.

c) In a situation involving the combination and amalgamation of the goods subject to retention of title, we acquire co-ownership of the newly-formed item. This co-ownership corresponds to the ratio that exists between the invoice value of the goods subject to retention of title and the other processed items at the time of processing.

d) If you make a request of this nature, we shall be obligated to release the securities that are due to us, to the extent that the realisable value of our securities exceeds the claim to be secured by more than 10%. We are responsible for selecting the securities to be released.

§ 4 Warranty

(1) The statutory warranty rights are applicable.

(2) As a consumer, you are requested to promptly check the product for completeness, visible defects and transport damage as soon as it is delivered, and promptly disclose your complaints to us and the shipping company in writing. Even if you do not comply with this request, it shall have no effect on your legal warranty claims.

(3) If a characteristic of the goods deviates from the objective requirements, the deviation shall only be deemed to be agreed if you were informed of the same by us before submitting the contractual declaration and the deviation was expressly and separately agreed between the contracting parties.

(4)
Insofar as you are an entrepreneur, the following shall apply in deviation from the above warranty provisions:

a) Only our own specifications and the manufacturer's product description shall be deemed agreed as the quality of the goods, but not other advertising, public promotions and statements by the manufacturer.

b) In the event of defects, we shall, at our discretion, provide warranty by rectification of the defect or subsequent delivery. If the rectification of defects fails, you may, at your option, demand a reduction in price or withdraw from the contract. The rectification of defects shall be deemed to have failed after a second unsuccessful attempt, unless the nature of the goods or the defect or other circumstances indicate otherwise. In the event of rectification of defects, we shall not be obliged to bear the increased costs arising from the transport of the goods to a place other than the place of performance, unless such transport is in accordance with the intended use of the goods.

c) The warranty period shall be one year from delivery of the goods. The shortening of the period shall not apply

for culpable damage attributable to us arising from injury to life, limb or health and for other damage caused intentionally or by gross negligence;
insofar as we have fraudulently concealed the defect or have assumed a guarantee for the quality of the item;
in the case of items which have been used for a building in accordance with their customary use and have caused its defectiveness;
in the case of statutory rights of recourse that you may assert against us in connection with rights arising from defects.

§ 5 Choice of law, place of fulfilment, jurisdiction

(1) German law shall apply. This choice of law only applies to customers if it does not result in the revocation of the protection guaranteed by the mandatory provisions of the law of the country in which the respective customer’s usual place of residence is located (benefit-of-the-doubt principle).

(2) If you are not a consumer, but a businessman, a legal entity under public law or an institutional fund governed by public law, our place of business is the place of jurisdiction as well as the place of fulfilment for all services that follow from the business relationships that exist with us. The same condition applies to situations in which you are not associated with a general place of jurisdiction in Germany or the EU, as well as situations in which the place of residence or the usual place of residence is not known at the time of commencement of proceedings. This has no bearing on the capacity to call upon the court associated with another place of jurisdiction.

(3) The provisions of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods are explicitly inapplicable.

II. Customer information

Identity of the seller

Moluna GmbH
Engberdingdamm 27
48268 Greven
Germany
Telephone: 02571/5698933
E-Mail: abe@moluna.de

Information regarding the conclusion of the contract

The technical steps associated with the conclusion of the contract, the contract conclusion itself and the correction options are executed in accordance to the regulations "conclusion of the contract" in our standard business terms (part I.).

Contractual language, saving the text of the contract

3.1 Contract language shall be English.

3.2 The complete text of the contract is not saved with us. Before the order is sent, the contract data can be printed out or electronically saved using the browser’s print function. After the order is received by us, the order data, the legally-mandated details related to distance selling contracts and the standard business terms are re-sent to you via e-mail.

Main features of the product or service

The key features of the goods and/or services can be found in the respective quote.

Prices and payment arrangements

5.1 The prices mentioned in the respective offers represent total prices, as do the shipping costs. They include all the price components, including all the incidental taxes.

5.2 The dispatch costs that are incurred are not included in the purchase price. They can be viewed by clicking the appropriate button on our website or in the respective quote, are shown separately over the course of the order transaction and must additionally be borne by you, insofar as free delivery is not confirmed.

5.3 The payment methods that are available to you are shown by clicking the appropriate button on our website or are disclosed in the respective quote.

5.4 Unless otherwise specified for the respective payment methods, the payment claims arising from the contract that has been concluded become payable immediately.

Delivery conditions

6.1 The delivery conditions, delivery date and existing supply restrictions, if applicable, can be found by clicking the appropriate button on our website or in the respective quote.

Unless a different period is specified in the item description or our delivery conditions, the goods are delivered within 3-5 days after the conclusion of the contract (in case an advance payment has been agreed upon, after the payment authorisation).

6.2 If you are a consumer, the following is statutorily regulated: The risk of the sold item accidentally being destroyed or degraded during shipping only passes over to you when the item in question is delivered, regardless of whether or not the shipping operation is insured. This condition does not apply if you have independently commissioned a transport company that has not been specified by us or a person who has otherwise been appointed to execute the shipping operation.

If you are a businessman, the delivery and shipping operations take place at your own risk.

Statutory warranty right

Liability for defects is governed by the “Warranty” provisions in our General Terms and Conditions of Business (Part I).

last update: 01.01.2022

Data protection declaration

Unless stated otherwise below, the provision of your personal data is neither legally nor contractually obligatory, nor required for conclusion of a contract. You are not obliged to provide your data. Not providing it will have no consequences. This only applies as long as the processing procedures below do not state otherwise.
“Personal data” is any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.

Responsible person
Contact us at any time. The contact details of the person responsible for data processing can be found in our legal notice.

Collection, processing, and transfer of personal data in orders
When you submit an order we only collect and use your personal data insofar as this is necessary for the fulfilment and handling of your order as well as processing of your queries. The provision of data is necessary for conclusion of a contract. Failure to provide it will prevent the conclusion of any contract. The processing will occur on the basis of Article 6(1) b) GDPR and is required for the fulfilment of a contract with you.
Your data is transferred here for example to the shipping companies and dropshipping providers, payment service providers, service providers for handling the order and IT service providers that you have selected. We will comply strictly with legal requirements in every case. The scope of data transmission is restricted to a minimum.

Duration of storage
After contractual processing has been completed, the data is initially stored for the duration of the warranty period, then in accordance with the retention periods prescribed by law, especially tax and commercial law, and then deleted after the period has elapsed, unless you have agreed to further processing and use.

Rights of the affected person
If the legal requirements are fulfilled, you have the following rights according to art. 15 to 20 GDPR: Right to information, correction, deletion, restriction of processing, data portability. You also have a right of objection against processing based on art. 6 (1) GDPR, and to processing for the purposes of direct marketing, according to art. 21 (1) GDPR.

Right to complain to the regulatory authority
You have the right to complain to the regulatory authority according to art. 77 GDPR if you believe that your data is not being processed legally.

Right to object
If the data processing outlined here is based on our legitimate interests in accordance with Article 6(1)f) GDPR, you have the right for reasons arising from your particular situation to object at any time to the processing of your data with future effect.
If the objection is successful, we will no longer process the personal data, unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing that outweigh your interests or rights and freedoms, or the processing is intended for the assertion, exercise or defence of legal claims.

last update: 10.01.2022