Emerging Hallmarks of Cancer in Diagnostic Pathology

Cancer is no longer viewed as a static disease driven solely by genetic mutations but as a dynamic, evolving system shaped by intricate interactions between genomic instability, epigenetic reprogramming, and the tumour microenvironment. This book offers a thorough examination of the molecular underpinnings of carcinogenesis, synthesising traditional theories with novel frameworks, including clonal evolution, cellular plasticity, and multi-omics-driven precision oncology. By systematically examining mechanisms ranging from DNA repair defects and chromosomal instability to signalling dysregulation and tumour heterogeneity, it offers a cohesive framework for understanding cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Bridging fundamental biology with translational relevance, this work aims to equip researchers and clinicians with the conceptual and analytical tools necessary to navigate the complexities of modern oncology and to advance personalized cancer care.