Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests

Scale insects feed on plant juices and can easily be transported to new countries on live plants. They sometimes become invasive pests, costing billions of dollars in damage to crops worldwide annually, and farmers try to control them with toxic pesticides, risking environmental damage. Fortunately, scale insects are highly susceptible to control by natural enemies so biological control is possible. They have unique genetic systems, unusual metamorphosis, a broad spectrum of essential symbionts, and some are sources of commercial products like red dyes, shellac and wax. There is, therefore, wide interest in these unusual, destructive, beneficial, and abundant insects.The Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests is the most comprehensive work on worldwide scale insect pests, providing detailed coverage of the most important species (230 species in 26 families, 36% of the scale insect pest species known). Advice is provided on collection, preservation, slide-mounting, vouchering, and labelling of specimens, fully illustrated with colour photographs, diagrams and drawings.Pest species are presented in two informal groups of families, the 'primitive' Archaeococcoids followed by the more 'advanced' Neococcoids, covered in phylogenetic order. Each family is illustrated and diagnosed based on features of live and slide-mounted specimens, with information on numbers of genera and species, main hosts, distribution, and biology. For the important pest species, coverage includes information on the morphology of live and slide-mounted specimens, common names, principal synonyms, geographical distribution, plant hosts, plant damage and economic impact, reproductive biology, dispersal, and management strategies including biological, cultural and chemical control, sterile insect techniques, regulatory control, early warning systems and field monitoring. An additional complete list of scale insect pests worldwide is provided, comprising 642 species in 28 scale insect families (about 8% of the 8373 species of living scales known), with information on plant hosts, geographical distribution and validation sources. Beneficial uses of scale insects include sources of red dyes, natural resins and waxes, and agents for invasive weed control, alongside the importance of their honeydew to bees for making honey, and as a food source to other animals. Academic researchers, students, entomologists, pest management officials in agribusiness or government including plant quarantine identifiers, extensionists, farmers, field scientists and ecologists will all benefit from this book.

Takumasa Kondo is Senior Researcher at Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Centro de Investigación Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. He received BSc and MSc degrees from Tokyo University of Agriculture (Japan); PhD degree in Entomology from Auburn University, Alabama, U.S.A. Studies integrated pest management (IPM) of insect and mite pests of tropical fruit crops, with special interest in insects of economic importance and taxonomy of Coccomorpha. Editor in chief of the journal Revista Colombiana de Entomología and Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2016-2021); and subject editor of several journals, including Neotropical Entomology, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia and Zookeys. Member of the Editorial Board of Fronteras de la Ciencia and Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. He has published more than 170 scientific papers, including books and book chapters.

Gillian Watson works on the taxonomy and identification of scale insects, especially agricultural pests, with an emphasis on invasive species worldwide. Currently working on a U.K. Darwin Initiative-funded project, "Agriculture and biodiversity: addressing scale insect threats in Kenya" as Project Manager and Researcher at the Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. Gillian is a Subject Editor for Hemiptera: Coccomorpha for the journal Zootaxa.