Engineered Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Applications: Synthesis, Characterization and Physicochemical Modulation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

This book presents a systematic study on the synthesis, characterization, and physicochemical properties of metal, metal oxide, metal-doped metal oxide, ceramic, and carbon-based nanoparticles. Green synthesis, chemical combustion, and microwave-assisted combustion methods are employed to tailor nanoparticle size, morphology, and crystallinity, with emphasis on eco-friendly approaches using plant extracts.Comprehensive characterization using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDAX, TGA, UV–Vis, photoluminescence, and zeta potential analysis provides insight into structural, optical, thermal, and surface properties. The influence of synthesis parameters, metal doping, and γ-irradiation on nanoparticle behavior is discussed.The book highlights multifunctional applications of nanoparticles in antimicrobial activity, antioxidant performance, biocompatibility, and gas sensing. It serves as a useful reference for researchers, academicians, and postgraduate students in nanoscience and nanotechnology.