English Orchards Format: Paperback

Old orchards have an irresistible appeal. Their ancient trees and obscure fruit varieties seem to provide a direct link with the lost rural world of our ancestors, a time when the pace of life was slower and people had a strong and intimate connection with their local environment. They are also of critical importance for sustaining biodiversity, providing habitats, in particular, for a range of rare invertebrates. Not surprisingly, orchards and the fruit they contain have attracted an increasing amount of attention over the last few decades, from both enthusiastic bands of amateurs and official conservation bodies. But much of what has been written about them is historically vague, romanticised and nostalgic. Orchards have become a symbol of unspoilt, picturesque rural England.

This book attempts, for the first time, to provide a comprehensive review of the development of orchards in England from the Middle Ages to the present day. It describes the various different kinds of orchard and explains how, and when, they appeared in the landscape – and why they have disappeared, at a catastrophic rate, over the last six decades. Chapters discuss the contrasting histories of fruit growing in different regions of England, the complex story of ‘traditional’ fruit varieties and the role of orchards in wildlife conservation. In addition, a chapter on researching orchards provides a practical guide for those wishing to investigate the history and archaeology of particular examples.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
1. Introducing Orchards
2. Types of Orchard: Farmhouse and Commercial
3. Types of Orchard: Gardens and Institutions
4. The Orchard Countries: Western England
5. The Orchard Countries: South-East England
6. The Orchard Countries: East Anglia and the Fens
7. The Recent History of Orchards
8. Studying Old Orchards
9. The Importance of Orchards: Biodiversity
10. The Importance of Orchards: Culture and History
11. Conclusion
Bibliography

Tom Williamson is Emeritus Professor of Landscape History at the University of East Anglia and has written widely on historical ecology, landscape archaeology and the history of landscape design.