Experiments on the Red and Quill Peruvian Bark: With Observations on Its History, Mode of Operation, and Uses; . by Ralph Irving

Experiments On The Red And Quill Peruvian Bark: With Observations On Its History, Mode Of Operation, And Uses;. By Ralph Irving. This volume combines a historical introduction to Cinchona and the Peruvian bark with a meticulous program of experiments on the red and quill barks. Irving traces the bark's introduction to Europe, outlines the botanical varieties, and discusses early advocates and critics. The core of the work consists of a long sequence of chemical and physiological experiments, including macerations, infusions, and decoctions, with lime-water, fixed air, acids, and alkalies; investigations into the presence of essential oil, aromatic principles, and the gummy matter; and tests of tinctures, spirits, and infusions in pale and red bark. He reports color changes with metal salts (especially chalybeates) and uses a novel lever apparatus to judge astringency. The volume culminates in reflections on the mode of operation of the bark as a tonic and anti-septic, and in practical remarks on its use in intermittent fevers and debility.