Exploratory Factor Analysis

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has played a major role in research conducted in the social sciences for more than 100 years, dating back to the pioneering work of Spearman on mental abilities. Since that time, EFA has become one of the most commonly used quantitative methods in many of the social sciences, including psychology, business, sociology, education, political science, and communications. To a lesser extent, it has also been utilized within the physical and biological sciences. Despite its long and widespread usage in many domains, numerous aspects of the underlying theory and application of EFA are poorly understood by researchers. Indeed, perhaps no widely used quantitative method requires more decisions on the part of a researcher and offers as wide an array of procedural options as EFA does.

This book provides a non-mathematical introduction to the underlying theory of EFA and reviews the key decisions that must be made in its implementation. Among the issues discussed are the use of confirmatory versus exploratory factor analysis, the use of principal components analysis versus common factor analysis, procedures for determining the appropriate number of factors, and methods for rotating factor solutions. Explanations and illustrations of the application of different factor analytic procedures are provided for analyses using common statistical packages (SPSS and SAS), as well as a free package available on the web (Comprehensive Exploratory Factor Analysis). In addition, practical instructions are provided for conducting a number of useful factor analytic procedures not included in the statistical packages.

Leandre R. Fabrigar is Associate Professor of Psychology at Queen's University. He received his PhD in Psychology with a minor in Quantitative Psychology in 1995 from the Ohio State University. His primary research and teaching falls within the domains of attitudes, quantitative methods (including factor analysis and structural equation modeling), and psychological measurement. His research has been supported by grants from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.

Duane T. Wegener is Professor of Psychology at the Ohio State University and held previous faculty positions at Yale University and Purdue University. He received his PhD in Psychology with a minor in Quantitative Psychology in 1994 from Ohio State University. His primary research and interests are in attitudes and social cognition. He also teaches undergraduate and graduate statistics and research methods. His research has been supported by grants from the U. S. National Science Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and U.S. National Institutes of Health. He received the Early Career Award from the American Psychological Association in 2001 for contributions to social psychology.