External Voting: The Patterns and Drivers of Central European Migrants' Homeland Electoral Participation

1 Introduction.

Defining External Voting.

Expansion of Emigrant Franchise.

External Voting Landscape: Countries, Elections, Criteria, and Modalities.

What Do We Know About External Voting? Migration Studies Meet Political Science.

References.

2 Emigration and Transnational Political Practices in Central and Eastern Europe After EU Enlargement.-04-2007.

East-West Migration in Europe: Political Context and Consequences.

The DIASPOlitic Project, Data Gathering, and Methods.

Data Gathering and Method: Quantitative Analysis of External Voting Results.

Data Gathering and Method: Qualitative Study of Migrant Voting.

References.

3 External Voting Patterns: CEE Migrants in Western Europe.

The Political Contexts of the Countries of Origin.

Bulgaria.

Czechia.

Latvia.

Lithuania.

Poland.

Romania.

Data and Methods.

Results of the Analysis.

Turnout Patterns and Change Over Time.

Overall Disparity.

Ideological Disparity.

References.

4 Migrant Perspectives on External Voting.

Making Sense of the Reasons Why Migrants Vote "Back Home".

Motivations for Voting in Country-of-Origin Elections.

The Practical Possibility of Casting the Vote in Elections.

Interacting Scales of Motivation for External Voting.

Emigration, External Voting, and Political Engagement.

Transnational Lifeworlds and Politics.

How Does the Experience of Migration Influence Political Views?.

Concluding Discussion.

References.

5 Conclusions.

What Have We Learned About External Voting? Discussion of Findings.

Differences Between Diaspora Voting and "Homeland" Results.

Ideological Differences.

What Do We Know About Turnout?.

Why Do Migrants Vote, or Not?.

Legitimacy and Normative Considerations Surrounding External Voting.

Do Migrants Desire to Be "Agents of Change"?.

Research Frontiers and Future Knowledge Needs.

Three Areas for Further Research: Empirical Knowledge Needs.

Three Areas for Further Research: Normative Dimension.

References.