FLUID KINEMATICS with Bernoulli's Equation: Fundamentals and Applications

Did you know why you face difficulty in breathing while climbing high-altitude mountains?
The reason is that pressure drops as we go up, here question comes in your mind that why pressure drops on climbing high altitude region, not any plain region? So, Bernoulli's Equation give the answer to this why question. Moreover, there are many more hydraulic devices are works on the theory of Bernoulli's principle and Pascal's Law. Fluid Kinematics with Bernoulli's Equation guided to deeper understanding of Fluid Kinematics. Fluid Kinematics is the study of Fluid Mechanics at microscopic level. For example, the pressure of air, the speed of ocean waves are few commonly known elements of Fluid Kinematics which are basis for happening of many natural activities. Fluid Mechanics has become an important part of the latest interdisciplinary subject related to technical and non-technical fields.

• Bunsen burner which commonly used in laboratories provides us high flame as well as low flame as per the need of experiment involving combustion. Here, design of the equipment is such that it allows the air through holes in control manner which minimizes the pressure and gives high flame on the basis of Pascal's Law.
• A painter uses an oil sprayer to fill the fluid (oil). If you observe that oil is comes out from the sprayer in the form of the jet which again due to the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the actual pressure inside the sprayer. Aspirator uses high-speed stream of water to create a region of low pressure. They use the Bernoulli's principle for the suction purpose.

Next, Let's discuss the Bernoulli's Equation which is a very important equation in Fluid Mechanics and its applications are discussed in this book in detail. Bernoulli's Equation is the mathematical expression of the combination of Pressure energy, Potential energy, and Kinetic energy. In this view, this equation is also known as the Balance of Mechanical Energy. The specialty of this equation is its applicability in different forms of flows such as incompressible flow and compressible flow in isotropic conditions. In the study of the microscopic view of any fluid element of incompressible flow then Bernoulli's equation provide a mathematical expression which states that pressure and speed of the fluid are inversely proportional. Similarly, a few examples are mentioned whose working principle are based on the Bernoulli's Equation.

• The airplane wing is a beautiful example of Bernoulli's principle. The structure of the wing is in such a way that it is tilted upward at a small angle and occupies a large surface area. Now, the pressure on the top surface is low as compared to the bottom surface which results in a pressure difference output an upward force known as Lift. This Lift force utilizes to move up the airplane.
• The chimney of a water heater is designed in such a way that it allows the air into the ceiling through the exile pipe. This movement of fluid (air) is based on the difference of the pressure resulting in accelerate the speed of the air past through the pipe. This phenomenon is one of the deduction from the Bernoulli's Equation.

Precisely, this book will provide you all basic theory which needed for a thorough understanding of the "Fluid Kinematics" subject. Numerous illustrations and solved examples are useful to visualise the real-life situations more vividly. This book has been written in simple language so that readers adopt a deeper understanding of Fluid Kinematics.