The Enlightenment promised humanity a bright future of emancipation which never actually
materialized. Instead, our social order is still based on gender inequality, which rests upon a
false conviction: that the individual can be conceived of as separate from community; that the more individualized a person is, the less they need to establish links with their community to feel safe; and that the more they use reason to build a relationship with the world, the less they need emotions. Th is conviction, which guides the ideals of our social system, is based on a fantasy: the fantasy of individuality.
This volume is a step in fleshing out the historical reasons for gender inequality from the
origins of humankind to present times in the Western world. It is a theoretically-informed
and up-to-date overview of the history of gender inequality that takes as its starting point
the mechanisms through which human beings construct their self-identity.
Starting from a peripheral, interdisciplinary and heterodox perspective, this book intends to
appraise the complexity of gender identity in all its richness and diversity. It seeks to understand the persistence of relationality in supposedly fully individualized male selves, and the construction of new forms of individuality among women that did not follow the masculine model. It is argued here that by balancing community and self beyond the contradictions of hegemonic masculinity, modern women are struggling to build a new, more empowering form of personhood.
The author is an archaeologist, who uses her discipline not only to provide data, theory and
a long-term perspective, but also in a metaphorical sense: to construct a socio-historical
genealogy of current gender systems, through an examination of how personhood and self- identity have been constructed in the Western world.
Almudena Hernando is a Professor at the Department of Prehistory and a member of the Institute of Feminist Research at the Complutense University, Madrid. Her research focuses on the theoretical basis underlying identity construction, with special attention to oral societies and women in the Western World. She has carried out field work among the horticulturalists Q’eqchí (Guatemala) and the hunter-gatherers Awá (Amazonas, Brazil), and currently she is developing a research project among the hoe agriculturalists Gumuz and Dats’in from Ethiopia. She has been invited as a researcher in the Universities of California (Los Ángeles and Berkeley), Chicago and Harvard. She has written several books as “Los primeros agricultores de la Península Ibérica” (Ed. Síntesis) o “Arqueología de la Identidad” (Akal), and she has coedited and participated in others as “La construcción de la subjetividad femenina” (Instituto de Investigaciones Feministas, Madrid), “¿Desean las mujeres el poder? Cinco reflexiones en torno a un deseo conflictivo” (Minerva) o “Mujeres, hombres, poder. Subjetividade en conflicto” (Traficantes de Sueños).
