Force, Content, and the Unity of the Proposition

This volume advances discussion between critics and defenders of the force-content distinction and opens up new ways of thinking about force and speech acts in relation to the unity problem.

The force-content dichotomy has shaped the philosophy of language and mind since the time of Frege and Russell. Isn’t it obvious that, for example, the clauses of a conditional are not asserted and must therefore be propositions and propositions the forceless contents of forceful acts? But, others have recently asked in response, how can a proposition be a truth value bearer if it is not unified through the forceful act of a subject that takes a position regarding how things are? Can we not instead think of propositions as being inherently forceful, but of force as being cancelled in certain contexts? And what do assertoric, but also directive and interrogative force indicators mean?

Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition will be of interest to researchers working in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, philosophy of mind and linguistics.

Gabriele M. Mras is a Professor of Philosophy at the Vienna University of Economics, Austria. She has published articles and books on questions in the philosophy of mind and language, including Truth, Thought and Subject. An Essay on Frege (Passagen 2001). She is the co-editor of Wittgenstein, Wollheim and Pictorial Representation, published with Routledge in 2019 and Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics: Proceedings of the 41st International Wittgenstein Symposium, published with De Gruyter, 2019.

Michael Schmitz is Privatdozent at the University of Vienna, Austria and the author of Collective Intentionality (2023) in the Routledge New Problems of Philosophy series. He has also co-edited The Background of Social Reality (Springer, 2013) and Acting Intentionally and its Limits: Individuals, Groups, Institutions (De Gruyter, 2013) and special issues on collective self-awareness (Journal of Social Philosophy, 2018) and group speech acts (Language & Communication, 2019). He works in the philosophy of mind, language and society, and has published numerous articles in these areas.