Frank R. Walker's Building Estimator's Reference Book

The construction industry's most comprehensive guide to making accurate, reliable estimates. Updated continuously since 1915, this hands-on manual tells you how to figure the labor and material you'll need for any job. Includes updated construction methods, material and labor costs, labor productivity, construction finance, scheduling, construction management, bidding, negotiating contracts, value engineering, types of cost estimates, overhead, insurance, profit, change orders, and more. Each chapter discusses in detail methods in the areas of masonry, concrete, metals, carpentry, site work, thermal and moisture protection, windows and doors, finishes, mechanical, electrical and road and highway construction. Used for over 80 years by builders, contractors, architects, engineers, adjusters, appraisers, home-craftsmen, colleges, universities and technical schools. Mandated reference for the State of Florida General License Examination, in addition to 16 states which license contractors on the basis of competency exams. (1,500 pages, CSI format)

(from Chapter 3, Concrete) Mixing and Placing Concrete Floor Fill - Because of the additional labor required for spreading, grading and tamping concrete floor fill, the c.y. labor costs run higher than for foundation or sidewalk work. There is also more labor required wheeling concrete from the mixer to the hoist and from the hoist to the place of deposit, as floor fill is usually placed after the structural portions of the building have been completed, and it is not possible to carry on the work with much speed. A crew of 13 workers with a 6-S mixer should handle materials, mix and wheel into place 15 to 20 batches containing 6 to 7 c.f. (0.17-0.20 cu.m) each or 3 to 5 c.y. (2.65-3.8 cu.m) of concrete per hour with the crew distributed as follows: 2 workers wheeling coarse aggregate from stock pile to mixer; 2 workers wheeling sand and cement to mixer; 1 worker attending mixer; 3 workers wheeling concrete from mixer to hoist; 3 workers wheeling concrete from hoist to place of deposit; 2 workers dumping barrows and spreading concrete. The labor per c.y. (cu.m) should cost as follows: Cost per c.y.

Hours

Rate

Total

Rate

Total Labor...................................3.00

$...

$...

$19.13

$57.39 Hoisting engineer

.35

...

...

25.96

9.09

Cost per c.y.

$...

$66.48

Cost per cu.m

Hours

Rate

Total

Rate

Total Labor...................................3.92

$...

$...

$19.13

$74.99 Hoisting engineer

.46

...

...

25.96

11.94

Cost per c.y.

$...

$86.93 If union rules require a mixer engineer, deduct 0.35 (.46) hours labor time and add 0.35 (.46) hours engineer time per c.y. (cu.m). If concrete is discharged from mixer directly into a hoist concrete bucket and wheeled from a floor hoppper to place of deposit, deduct .50-hr. Labor time. For concrete roof fill on flat roofs, deduct about 10% from the above costs. On pitch or gable roofs, add 25% to 50%, depending on the steepness of slope, accessibility, etc. After the cubic yard (cu.m) cost has been computed, to obtain the s.f. (sq.m) cost, divide the c.y. (cu.m) cost by the number of s.f. (sq.m) of fill obtainable from one c.y. (cu.m) and the result will be the labor cost per s.f. (sq.m) of fill. Example: find the s.f. (sq.m) labor cost of 3" (.075 m) floor fill with a cost of $43.90 per c.y. (57.39 per cu.m). The tables on previous pages give 108 s.f. of 3" (10 sq.m of .075 m) fill obtainable from one c.y. $43.90/108 = $0.406 per s.f (57.39/10 = $5.74 per sq.m). To the above costs must be added the cost of setting screeds and all finishing operations.