Frontiers of Combining Systems

- Donation refusal is high in all the regions of Argentina. - The deficient operative structure is a negative reality that allows inadequate donor maintenance and organ procurement. - In more developed regions, there are a high number of organs which are not utilized. This is true for heart, liver and lungs. Small waiting lists for these organs probably reflect an inadequate economic coverage for these organ transplant activities. - There is a long waiting list for cadaveric kidney transplants, which reflect poor procurement and transplant activity. - Lack of awareness by many physicians leads to the denouncing of brain deaths. In spite of these factors, we can say that there has been a significant growth in organ procuration and transplantation in 1993, after the regionalization of the INCUCAI. Conclusions Is there a shortage of organs in Argentina? There may be. But the situation in Argentina differs from that in Europe, as we have a pool of organs which are not utilized (donation refusal, operational deficits, lack of denouncing of brain deaths). Perhaps, in the future, when we are able to make good use of all the organs submitted for transplantation, we will be able to say objectively whether the number of organs is sufficient or not. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the University of Lyon and the Merieux Foundation, especially Professors Traeger, Touraine and Dr. Dupuy for the honour of being invited to talk about the issue of organ procurement.

Combination of formal systems and algorithms, their logical and algebraic background, as well as the general architecture of complex and interacting Systems has recently become a very active research area. The first international workshop 'Frontiers of Combining Systems' created a common forum for the different research activities on this topic in the fields of Logic, Computer Science, and Artificial Intelligence. Its main intention was to stimulate an interdisciplinary discussion that focuses on different aspects of the combination problem. This volume contains research papers that cover the combination of logics, the combination of constraint solving techniques and decision procedures, the combination of deductive systems, the integration of data structures into Constraint Logic Programming formalisms, and logic modeling of multi-agent systems. These problems are addressed on different conceptual levels: from the investigation of formal properties of combined systems using methods of logic and mathematics to the consideration of physical connections and communication languages relevant for combination of software tools.