Gene and Cell Delivery for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Intervertebral disc degeneration is one of the major causes of lower back pain for which the common therapeutic interventions are not efficient. A search for alternative therapies for lower back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration includes cell-based therapies. Unfortunately, intervertebral disc degeneration is avascular and thus a hostile environment for cell survival. Furthermore, cellular characterization in intervertebral disc degeneration, and particularly in the nucleus pulposus, is controversial, mainly due to lack of specific markers and species variability. This book adds to the knowledge on cellular and molecular therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration and associated lower back pain.

Key Selling Features:

• Describes the ontogeny and phenotype of intervertebral disc cells



• Reviews the role that inflammation plays in disco-genic pain



• Highlights the types of cells that might be used as sources for treating degenerating intervertebral discs



• Summarizes current alternative therapies



• Explores methods for cell delivery into degenerated intervertebral discs

Raquel M. Gonçalves has a degree in chemical engineering and a PhD in biotechnology (University of Lisbon, Portugal). She gained expertise in human hematopoietic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell expansion, with a period abroad in the University of Nevada, Reno, United States. Since 2009, she has been an assistant investigator and has been dedicated to intervertebral disc research. Presently, at I3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/INEB, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto), she develops her work at the Microenvironments for New Therapies Group, whose main goal is to dissect the microenvironment elements that contribute to reestablish homeostasis upon disease and/or injury and to bioengineer therapeutic strategies to modulate host response. In this group, she has been involved in the establishment of IVD ex vivo and in vivo models, highthroughput tools to characterize IVD cells and extracellular matrix, and immunomodulatory strategies and stem cell recruitment to degenerated IVD. In parallel, she is involved in science dissemination activities at Porto high schools and in teaching at the University of Porto.

Mário Adolfo Barbosa is a full professor at Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal. For nearly 30 years, biomaterials science and technology has been the topic of Mário’s research. He is internationally recognized for his contributions to biomaterials science, particularly in cell– biomaterial interactions. Mário was one of the founding members of the Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB, http://www.ineb.up.pt), created in June 1989. From 2000 to 2012, he was the scientific coordinator of the institute and its president from 2000–2006 and 2010–2012. Presently, he is the scientific coordinator of the I3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde), of the University of Porto and leader of the Microenvironments for New Therapies Group at i3S. His research interests focus on the modulation of the microenvironment, in particular the inflammatory response to improve tissue repair and/or regeneration.