This edition compiles observations from a U.S. War Department expedition that mapped routes for a railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific, with a focus on physical geography, rock types, and the region’s geologic history. Readers will encounter a historical window into early scientific surveying and the evolving view of California’s terrain.

Ground-level field descriptions of valleys, ranges, and coastlines, including how topography shapes travel and settlement.
Analyses of rock types, faults, and fossil beds that connect local geology to broader Miocene and older periods.
Chapters that trace the geological structure across many valleys, from Santa Clara to the Mojave, with sketches of ore deposits and mining potential.
Early cartographic and descriptive methods used to document terrain, climate, and natural resources.

Ideal for readers of historical geology, 19th‑century exploration, and California’s early scientific surveys seeking a window into how explorers described the land.

"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.

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