Globalization: Perak's Rise, Relative Decline, and Regeneration

Written by Sultan Nazrin Shah - the author of the highly acclaimed works Charting the Economy and Striving for Inclusive Development - this book is a pioneering study of the many economic and social changes in the natural resource-rich Malaysian state of Perak over the last two centuries.

When globalization first took hold and international trade networks broadened and deepened in the first half of the 19th century, and a new capitalist world order emerged in the second, Perak was a key player. Its tin was in high demand in Western industrializing countries and foreign capital, labour, and technology propelled it forward. By 1900, Perak accounted for almost half of Malaya's tin output and a staggering quarter of world output, with its prosperity making it the Malay peninsula's commercial hub. Likewise, during the global rubber boom that began in the early 20th century as cars were mass produced for the first time, Perak was the largest rubber-producing state in the peninsula.

This book brings together a range of key sub-themes - economic geography, the institutional legacy of colonialism, increasing federal government centralization, forces of economic agglomeration, and human migration - which drove Perak's fortunes in sometimes dramatic economic cycles and ultimately led to the collapse of its tin and rubber industries and the migration of many of its young and skilled.

The book concludes by looking forward, analysing Perak's characteristics, and extrapolating lessons from formerly wealthy industrial centres originally blessed with natural resources but subsequently left behind by new waves of globalization, such as Cornwall and Sheffield in the United Kingdom, and Pittsburgh and Scranton in the United States. With a new vision Perak can regenerate itself and once again emerge triumphant against a tough global background-Covid-19, war, and deglobalization.

Sultan Nazrin Shah, Ruler of Perak and the Deputy King of Malaysia

Sultan Nazrin Shah is the Ruler of Perak and the Deputy King of Malaysia. He is Chancellor of the University of Malaya, and an Honorary Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, Magdalene College, Cambridge, and St Edmund's College, Cambridge. He holds a BA (Hons) degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from the University of Oxford; A Master in Public Administration from the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; and a PhD in Political Economy and Government, also from Harvard University.

Sultan Nazrin oversees and provides direction for the Economic History of Malaya project (www.ehm.my) and is the author of Charting the Economy: Early 20th Century Malaya and Contemporary Malaysian Contrasts (2017) and Striving for Inclusive Development: From Pangkor to a Modern Malaysian State (2019), both published by OUP Malaysia.