Synopsis
This report, in two volumes, addresses environmental impacts stemming from economy-wide policy reforms, and seeks to clarify the nature of the economic, physical, institutional, and cultural aspects of their relationship. Volume 1 summarizes the case studies and synthesizes their key principles. Volume 2 explores the case studies in full length. They reflect a wide range of country situations and environmental problems. Pollution issues are addressed, such as air quality and energy use in Poland and Sri Lanka, while a variety of natural resource-related issues are covered in the other deforestation and land degradation in Costa Rica; migration and deforestation in the Philippines; agricultural land degradation due to overgrazing in Tunisia, fertility losses due to extension of cultivation areas in Ghana; water resource depletion in Morocco; and wildlife management in Zimbabwe. The case studies also use a variety of analytical methods to illustrate the different approaches to identifying the environmental implications of economy-wide reforms. These methods range from tracing the links between economic incentives and resource use through direct observation, to relying on more complex economic modeling of policies and their environmental effects. In all the studies, however, the analytical approach uniformly requires identifying key environmental concerns and relating them to the agenda of priority sectoral and macroeconomic reforms.
About the Author
Professor Mohan Munasinghe has post-graduate degrees in engineering, physics and development economics, from Cambridge University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGill University, and Concordia University. Presently, he is Chairman of the Munasinghe Institute For Development (MIND), Colombo; Vice Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Geneva; and Hon. Chief Energy Advisor to the Government of Sri Lanka, Colombo. From 1974-2002, he worked for the World Bank, Washington DC, in various positions including Director and Senior Advisor. From 1982 to 1987, he was the Senior Energy Advisor to the President of Sri Lanka. During 1990-92, he served as Advisor to the United States President's Council on Environmental Quality. He has implemented international development projects for three decades, and contributed to IPCC work for 15 years. He has won a number of international awards and medals for his research, authored over 80 books and several hundred technical papers, and serves on the editorial boards of a dozen international journals.
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