Handbook on Environmental Pollution: Water Pollution and Air Pollution: Source, Effects and Management

Environmental pollution refers to the presence or introduction into the environment of harmful substances or contaminants that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and the natural world. These pollutants can originate from various sources, including industrial activities, transportation, agriculture and human activities such as littering.Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances and contaminants in the air, primarily caused by industrial activities, transportation and burning of fossil fuels. Air pollution can cause respiratory problems, heart disease, and even cancer.Water pollution, on the other hand, is the presence of harmful substances and contaminants in bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, rivers and groundwater. It can result from both natural and human activities such as industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, and sewage discharge. Water pollution can harm aquatic life, lead to the degradation of ecosystems, and also contaminate drinking water sources, posing a risk to human health. Prevention and reduction of air and water pollution are critical for protecting human health and preserving the natural world.