Handbook of Movement Disorders

Movement disorders are a complex group of disorders spanning all aspects of neurological illnesses and range from conditions characterized by too little movement (hypokinesis) to those where movement is excessive (hyperkinesis). The classic example would be Parkinson’s disease, while other movement-related problems, such as tremor, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, hemiballism and tics, occur in a range of inherited, drug-induced and sporadic disorders. Genetics plays an important part in the genesis of several conditions characterized by various movement disorders, such as Huntington’s disease, dystonic conditions and myoclonus. Somatization from psychologically determined conditions can also manifest as movement disorders. Finally, sleep may be affected by movement disorders and a typical example would be restless legs syndrome. To non-experts, movement disorders may appear to be complex, sometimes bizarre and difficult to manage. Diagnosis is based mostly on observation and examination rather than radiology and serological assessments. This comp- hensive handbook deals with all the above movement disorders in a holistic manner, providing a detailed “snapshot” view of these complex disorders. As well as being useful to the general physician working in clinical settings where movement disorders often first present, such as accident and emergency depa- ments or in primary care, we hope that the up-to-date information will be useful for trainees and experts in the field of movement disorders. Chapter 1 Parkinson’s disease Kartik Logishetty and K Ray Chaudhuri Introduction Parkinson’s disease was first described by the London physician, James Parkinson, in 1817 and later named after him by Charcot.

K Ray Chaudhuri is Consultant Neurologist and Professor in Neurology and Movement Disorders at King’s College Hospital NHS foundation Trust, University Hospital Lewisham, King’s College London and the Institute of Psychiatry. He is a recognized teacher and active researcher within the King’s College London School of Medicine, London, and is the medical director of the National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence at King’s College, London. He also serves as chairman of the RLS:UK group and of the International Parkinson’s Disease Non Motor Group, and is a member of the Movement Disorders Society appointments committee and the Task Force on Practice Parameters for PD and RLS. For the Department of Health, UK, he serves on the steering group of the Medicines Management Committee and Gene Therapy Advisory Group, is an advisor of the Health Technology Assessment Committee, and is the lead clinician for the 18 week pathway for management of PD initiative.

William G Ondo is Professor of Neurology at Baylor College of Medicine, as well as associate director at the Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic in Houston, Texas. His medical degree was awarded by the Medical College of Virginia (Richmond, Virginia), and he completed an internship at the University of North Carolina Hospital (Chapel Hill, North Carolina) and a neurology residency at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina). In 1995, Professor Ondo undertook a Movement Disorders fellowship with Dr Jankovic and joined the Baylor faculty the following year. Professor Ondo maintains membership in multiple professionalassociations and research groups, which include the American Neurological Association, the American Academy of Neurology, and multiple study groups.

William G Ondo is Professor of Neurology at Baylor College of Medicine, as well as associate director at the Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic in Houston, Texas. His medical degree was awarded by the Medical College of Virginia (Richmond, Virginia), and he completed an internship at the University of North Carolina Hospital (Chapel Hill, North Carolina) and a neurology residency at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina). In 1995, Professor Ondo undertook a Movement Disorders fellowship with Dr Jankovic and joined the Baylor faculty the following year. Professor Ondo maintains membership in multiple professional associations and research groups, which include the American Neurological Association, the American Academy of Neurology, and multiple study groups.