The Head Start Debates

Edward Zigler, Ph.D., is Sterling Professor of Psychology, Emeritus, at Yale University and Director Emeritus of the Yale Center in Child Development and Social Policy. He was one of the planners of Project Head Start and was the federal official responsible for administering the program when he served as the first director of the U.S. Office of Child Development (now the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families). He was also Chief of the U.S. Children's Bureau. he regularly testifies as an expert witness before congressional committees and has served as a consultant to every presidential administration since that of Lyndon Johnson. Dr. Zigler has conducted extensive research on topics related to child development, psychopathology, and mental retardation and has authored hundreds of scholarly publications.

Sally J. Styfco is Research Associate at the Child Study Center and in the Psychology Department at Yale University and Associate Director of the Head Start Section at the Yale Center in Child Development and Social Policy. She is a writer and policy analyst specializing in issues pertaining to children and families, particularly early childhood and later educational intervention. Her work spans the topics of Head Start, child care, children with disabilities, federal education initiatives, the effects of poverty on child development, and the historical progression of government policies in these areas.

Dr. Barnett is the Board of Governors Professor and Co-director of the National Institute for Early Education Research at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. His research includes studies of the economics of early care and education, including costs and benefits, the long-term effects of preschool programs on children's learning and development, and the distribution of educational opportunities. He earned his Ph.D. in economics at the University of Michigan and got his start in the early childhood field working on the Perry Preschool Study at the HighScope Educational Research Foundation.

Barbara T. Bowman, M.A., Irving B. Harris Professor of Child Development, Erikson Institute, 451 North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654. Dr. Bowman is one of the founders of the Erikson Institute and served as its president from 1994 to 2001. In addition, Professor Bowman is Chief Officer in the Office of Early Childhood Education, Chicago Public Schools, where she administers a program for 30,000 preschool children, including 24,000 3- and 4-year-olds in an educational program and 5,000 infants and toddlers in a prevention program.

John T. Bruer, Ph.D., has been a foundation executive for more than 20 years, administering programs in education, psychology, and neuroscience. He is the author of Schools for Thought (MIT Press, 1993) and The Myth of the First Three Years (Free Press, 1999).

James A. Griffin, Ph.D., Deputy Chief, Child Development and Behavior Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Director, Early Learning and School Readiness Program, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Suite 4B05, Rockville, MD 20852-7510. Dr. Griffin holds a Bachelor of Arts degree summa cum laude in psychology from the University of Cincinnati and a doctoral degree with honors in child clinical psychology from the University of Rochester. He completed a postdoctoral fellowship in psychiatric epidemiology at The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health. Dr. Griffin's career has focused on research and evaluation efforts related to service systems and early intervention programs designed to enhance the development and school readiness of children from at-risk and disadvantaged backgrounds.

The late Jane Knitzer, Ed.D. was Director of the National Center for Children in Poverty, and Clinical Professor of Population and Family Health in the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University in New York.

In addition to her work with the National Center for Children in Poverty, Dr. Knitzer was also a Clinical Professor of Population and Family Health at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University. As a psychologist, Dr. Knitzer focused her own research on improving public policies related to children's mental health, child welfare, and early childhood. Her work on mental health included the ground-breaking policy report, Unclaimed Children: The Failure of Public Responsibility to Children and Adolescents in Need of Mental Health Services (Children's Defense Fund, 1982). Most recently, she was a leader in calling attention to the importance of addressing social and emotional issues in young children. Dr. Knitzer was on the faculty at Cornell University, New York University, and Bank Street College of Education. She was a member of the New York State Permanent Judicial Commission on Justice for Children and a past president of Division 37: Child, Youth, and Family Services of the American Psychological Association, and a member of the American Association of Orthopsychiatry. She was the first recipient of the Nicolas Hobbs Award for Distinguished Service in the Cause of Child Advocacy from the American Psychological Association.

Arthur J. Reynolds, Ph.D., Professor, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455. Dr. Reynolds is Director of the Chicago Longitudinal Study, one of the largest and most extensive studies of the effects of early childhood intervention. He also studies the effects of early childhood intervention on children's development from school entry to early adulthood and the family and school's influences on children's educational success.