Health and Welfare of Captive Reptiles

Clifford Warwick is an independent human medical scientist and reptile biologist. He holds several advanced professional qualifications specializing in reptile science, as well as a PhD in reptile welfare biology. He has produced approximately 150 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and books, mostly concerning the biology and welfare of reptiles, with a focus on anthropogenic impacts. 

Phillip C. Arena is an awarded educator and functional morphologist specialising in reptile biology, health and welfare. He has published material on the anaesthesia, anatomy and physiology of reptiles and contributed to key investigations on the impact of farming and recreational practices on the lives of reptiles, including rattlesnakes, marine turtles and crocodiles.  

Gordon M. Burghardt is Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee. He has published widely on reptile behaviour, behavioural development and evolution, captive animal issues, animal play and conceptual and historical aspects of animal ethology and comparative psychology.