In Hip Hop Time: Music, Memory, and Social Change in Urban Senegal

In Hip Hop Time goes beyond popular narratives of hip hop resistance, exploring Senegalese hip hop as a musical movement deeply tied to indigenous performance practices and changing social norms in urban Africa.

Catherine M. Appert is assistant professor at Cornell University, where she teaches courses on the music of Africa and the African diaspora, global hip hop and hip hop aesthetics, and ethnographic theory. She began working on this project in 2007, living in Senegal for a year during 2011-12 and witnessing firsthand the tumultuous 2012 presidential elections.