Historical Linguistics and Generative Grammar

Contents Preface. 1. Historical linguistics. 2. Theoretical linguistics. 3. Dialectology. 4. Concept of rhetoric. 5. Structural grammar and change. 6. Sound change and linguistics system. 7. Description of stylistics and idiom. 8. Semantics. 9. Changing moods of English period. 10. Words. 11. Sentences and clauses. 12. Speech perception. Bibliography. Index. Initially all modern linguistics was historical in orientation even the study of modern dialects involved looking at their origins. But Saussure drew a distinction between synchronic and diachronic linguistics which is fundamental to the present day organization of the discipline. Primacy is accorded to synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics is defined as the study of successive synchronic stages. Saussure's clear demarcation however is now seen to be idealised. In practice a purely synchronic linguistics is not possible for any period before the invention of the gramophone written records always lag behind speech in reflecting linguistic developments and in any case are difficult to date accurately before the development of the modern title page. Also the work of sociolinguists on linguistic variation has shown synchronic states are not uniform the speech habits of older and younger speakers differ in ways which point to language change. Synchronic variation is linguistic change in progress. 272 pp.…