The History of Rome, Book IV: The Revolution

is a historical work originally published in three volumes during 1854-1856. This ac claimed multi-volume history traces ancient Rome from its origins through the fall of the Republic, culminating with Julius Caesar's reforms. Written with dramatic narrative power and scholarly rigor, Mommsen's work com bines professional expertise with vivid prose that captivated educated read ers across Europe. The success was immediate, making Mommsen famous overnight and eventually contributing to his Nobel Prize recognition.

Italica must have been intended by Scipio to be what was called in Italy forum et-conciliabulumciviumRomanorum-;AquaeSextiaeinGaulhada similar origin afterwards. Theformationoftransmarineburgess-communi ties only began at a later date with Carthage and Narbo: yet it is remarkable that Scipio already made a first step, in a certain sense, in that direction. 3. III. VII. Gracchus 4. Thechronology of the war with Viriathus is far from being precisely set tled. It is certain that the appearance of Viriathus dates from the conflict with Vetilius (Appian, Hisp. 61; Liv. lii.; Oros. v. 4), and that he perished in 615 (Diod. Vat. p. 110, etc.); the duration of his rule is reckoned at eight (Appian, Hisp. 63), ten (Justin, xliv. 2), eleven (Diodorus, p. 597), fifteen (Liv. liv.; Eutrop. iv. 16; Oros. v. 4; Flor. i. 33), and twenty years (Vellei. ii. 90). The first estimate possesses some probability, because the appearance of Viriathus is connected both in Diodorus (p. 591; Vat. p. 107, 108) and in Orosius (v. 4) with the destruction of Corinth. Of the Roman governors,