Human Rights and Contractual Autonomy: Balancing Dignity, Freedom

Another critical factor is harmonization with international standards. The World Customs Organization (WCO) and conventions such as the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Kyoto Convention) establish principles that encourage transparency, predictability, and consistency in customs practices. For Iran, aligning its maritime customs laws with these standards could significantly enhance trade facilitation while maintaining regulatory control. This alignment, however, requires not only legislative reform but also institutional capacity building, particularly in the areas of digitalization, staff training, and inter-agency coordination.