Sustainability relates with Economics, Society, and Environment. However, one common fact that links them all is the generation of waste. This chapter is divided into two: The first part analyses the current generation of waste as well as its treatment. The second intends to establish policies for the future treatment of waste or, better yet, for ceasing the generation of waste. This first part begins by raising some capital questions: What is waste? Which are the components of waste? Where is waste generated? and How is waste treated? The second part will deal with: Why is waste produced? and What is society doing to correct this problem? 2. 2 First part: Current generation and treatment of waste 2. 2. 1 What is waste? The dictionary defines ‘waste’ as something useless, unwanted, or defective and the word ‘by-product’ as something produced in an industrial or biological process in addition to the principal product. From the point of view of sustainability, the word ‘waste’ does not have that meaning as, though it may be unwanted, it is not something useless and is certainly not defective. Even if in a manufacturing process a product or part of it does not conform to the manufacturer’s quality specs, it does not thereby become waste, but is, rather scrap material that is usually brought back to its original state and then processed again.
Sustainability is an elusive concept and many have tried to define the idea of what it is. This book relies on the classical interpretation from the Brundtland report, "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs", but rather than trying to frame the concept, it develops a supporting structure, following a natural set of steps to reach an established goal. This book provides the tools to navigate this Road to a Better Future by explaining concepts, giving ideas, proposing methods, and suggesting actions. To illustrate the utilization of techniques there are many examples, applied to a variety of activities, and to wrap up concepts, the last chapter is dedicated to the analysis of a community in search of a sustainable environment. A thematic index has been designed to help a person quickly find information on relevant topics.
Consequently, this book follows a very practical approach, illustrating many different real life paradigms, thus clarifying the use of sustainable resources, including such novel applications as energy from fuel cells and extracting energy from the sea. It also comments on sixteen actual case studies that comprise different activities, including energy generation from wastes, novel transportation schemes, industrial integration, selection of urban indicators, water reuse, energy from renewable energy sources, etc., and touches on people’s participation in the decision-making process.
Each chapter concludes with a comprehensive list of Internet references. Most of these references include comments on their content to facilitate further searching on related topics of interest.
Audience: This book will help decision makers, stakeholders, politicians, students and the public in general to blend the use of sustainability concepts, tools and ideas with their current projects, inorder to best attain a sustainable environment.
