This book discusses technology and systems to create valuable ideas from data through the construction of knowledge. The primary concern is to make better decisions about economic and management issues in today’s information-flooded society. Human creative activity is in the realm of soft technology, with no physical entity to operate. Focusing on the ability of knowledge as judgment power, this definition results: “Knowledge technology is soft technology that underpins the human creative activities of converting data and information into knowledge, creating new ideas based on that knowledge and validating those ideas.” That definition includes a wide range of soft technologies developed in informatics, management studies, and systems science.
The knowledge system creates ideas from data and knowledge through knowledge technologies. Based on the proposition that knowledge emerges by the interaction between explicit and tacit knowledge, another definition is possible: “The knowledge system is a system that promotes interaction between codified and personalized knowledge and creates ideas for solving a specific problem.” Codified knowledge includes data and information, while personalized knowledge is empirical knowledge or wisdom that is difficult to put into words.
Building a knowledge system requires mathematical or intelligent knowledge technology and participatory knowledge technology to create or manage codified knowledge and personalized knowledge. For example, a company builds cross-sectional knowledge systems by gathering human resources from various departments, according to the purpose, as in new product development or sales promotion. Chapter 1 defines knowledge technology and the knowledge system and organizes the challenges in their development, while Chapters 2 through 9 introduce mathematical or intelligent knowledge technologies by researchers at the forefront of knowledge technology development.
Yoshiteru NAKAMORI received a Ph.D. degree in applied mathematics and physics from Kyoto University in January 1980. He joined the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in April 1998 as a professor at the School of Knowledge Science. Since then, he has been working on the development of knowledge science, incorporating the approaches of systems science. His recent research interest is the knowledge construction systems methodology, which integrates approaches in systems thinking and knowledge management. From April 2002 to March 2008, he served as the dean of the School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. From November 2003 to December 2008, he served as the president of the International Society for Knowledge and Systems Sciences. From April 2008 to March 2010, he served as a vice-president of the International Federation of Systems Research. Since April 2010, he has been an academician of the International Academy for Systems and Cybernetic Sciences
