Malcolm X’s political evolution after he left the Nation of Islam. Analyzes the conflicts that resulted in Malcolm’s being driven out of the Nation, his views on how to combat anti-Black discrimination, and how, as he put it, to “internationalize” the struggle. Photos, notes, further reading and list of audio recordings of Malcolm X.

“During this transition period, Malcom X stated, more than once, that he intended to collaborate with labor unions, socialists, and any others dedicated to eliminating injustices to the Negro.… Mr. Breitman has more than adequately documented speeches, interviews, and writings of a charismatic leader to prove his point—Malcolm X was not merely a leader of black men, he was emerging as a leader of all men.” —Library Journal

About the Author

George Breitman (1916–1986) joined the communist movement in 1935. He was a member the National Committee of the Socialist Workers Party from 1939 to 1981. Left the SWP in 1983. Breitman is coauthor of The Assassination of Malcolm X (1991); author of The Last Year of Malcolm X: Evolution of a Revolutionary (1967); and editor of Malcolm X Speaks (1965) and By Any Mean Necessary (1970).

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