For Communist parties and their successors (CSPs), the challenge was perhaps the greatest – to redefine themselves within new, ‘westernised’ political systems. As these parties sought to adapt their programmatic appeals to their new environments, they searched for policies from abroad that could fit these new political structures.

The political parties of Western Europe provided a rich range of programmes from which policies could be drawn. This book analyses how, to what extent and under what conditions external influences came to bear on the programmatic development of CSPs. It argues that while some parties remain neo-communist in orientation, growling about the evils of capitalism on the far-left of their respective political systems, others have developed into social democratic actors, embracing programmatic ideals that often bear a strong resemblance to those of centre-left actors in Western Europe.

This book was previously published as a special issue of The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics.

About the Author

Dan Hough is a Lecturer in Politics in the International Relations and Politics Department at the University of Sussex.,
William E. Paterson is Professor and Director of the Institute for German Studies at the University of Birmingham.,
James Sloam is a Lecturer in International Relations at Royal Holloway, University of London.

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