Breast cancer (BC) survivors may face a higher risk of developing second primary cancers compared to individuals without a BC diagnosis due to shared risk factors and potential carcinogenic effects of cancer therapy. Lung cancer (LC) is the most common second primary cancer among BC survivors. However, the degree to which a prior BC diagnosis increases the risk of subsequent LC remains uncertain, as previous studies have reported mixed findings. Our first analysis utilized clinical data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. We found BC diagnosis was an independent risk factor for developing a second primary LC after adjustment for established risk factors. Similarly, the improved longevity of prostate cancer (PC) survivors has heightened the clinical importance of understanding and addressing secondary health risks, such as the development of LC. Nonetheless, the risk of LC in PC survivors has been underestimated and remains under-studied.

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