This volume surveys how logic can be seen as a living system, not just a set of rigid rules. It links classic principles to newer ideas about how we recognize and organize reasoning.

Starting from the principle of Sufficient Ground, the text shows how judgments can be settled by rational inference. It ties familiar notions like identity to broader claims about when different terms refer to the same content. The work also discusses how classic systems relate to contemporary debates, referencing scholars who challenge or refine long‑standing views. It then proposes a fresh angle by introducing a realm of “modes of action,” a set of logical entities that behave like classes and propositions but open doors to a new algebra of logic. The discussion emphasizes that the totality of all possible modes cannot be defined, yet well‑defined systems of possibilities can exist and have their own logical order.

In this edition, you’ll encounter ideas such as:

How inference can proceed under the axiom of Sufficient Ground and the role this plays in choosing between competing judgments.
The notion of modes of action as a logical category, with operations analogous to addition, multiplication, and implication.
How a calculus of modes of action can be developed alongside the calculus of classes and propositions.
Why the axiom of identity remains central, while other logical laws may play a regulative rather than a productive role in inference.

Ideal for readers of early 20th‑century philosophy and students of logic who want to explore how new ideas can reshape foundational concepts.

"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.

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