Synopsis
The Manufacture Of Steel: Containing The Practice And Principles Of Working And Making Steel : A Hand-Book For Blacksmiths And Workers In Steel And Iron. And For Men Of Science And Art by Frederick Overman. This volume is a practical manual that demystifies steel production and makes the science accessible to smiths, machinists, and scientists. It covers degrees of heat, forge-fire design, and tuyere construction; describes forges for hard coal, portable forges, and the selection of fuels and fluxes; and details welding, blister steel, cast-steel, German and wootz, and Damascus steel. The work explains annealing, hardening, tempering, and testing of steel, including consistency of quality, expansion during hardening, and the effects of rapid cooling. It presents methods for making natural steel, blistered steel, steel from Nos.1-3 pig-iron, and the refining process in converting furnaces, with extensive chapters on the handling of forge tools, anvils, tongs, and hammers. The author also discusses economic considerations, American and English practices, and the ore and fuel resources necessary for domestic steel production, urging practical, skill-based methods over speculative experiments.
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