Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Plant Bioactive Compounds

Plant-derived bioactive compounds (polyphenols, pigments, sterols, and essential oil constituents) have attracted significant scientific and industrial interest due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Their growing use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors reflects a shift toward natural, health-promoting ingredients and sustainable resources. Thus, the efficiency and sustainability of extraction processes have become central research priorities. The papers included in this Special Issue highlight recent progress in advanced extraction technologies, particularly microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). In contrast to conventional extraction methods, which are often limited by long extraction times, high solvent consumption, and reduced efficiency, MAE utilizes rapid volumetric heating to enhance cell disruption and improve extraction yields, while reducing energy and solvent requirements. Similarly, UAE involves the use of acoustic cavitation to intensify mass transfer, facilitating the efficient recovery of bioactives under milder conditions, making it especially suitable for heat-sensitive compounds. Together, the works published in this Special Issue provide a comprehensive overview of current advances, challenges, and future directions in advanced extraction technology. They underscore the need for continued methodological innovation to support the development of high-value plant-based products, while meeting the growing demand for environmentally responsible and efficient production processes.