This book describes and illustrates a variety of minimally invasive approaches to the thoracic spine, covering procedures applicable in not only degenerative diseases but also deformities and trauma. Surgery to the thoracic spine is demanding because of the surrounding ribs, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels and the challenges posed by the vulnerable spinal cord within a relatively small spinal canal. Consequently, postsurgical morbidity is often high. In this context, minimally invasive surgery offers significant benefits, but to date, comprehensive coverage in textbooks is lacking owing to the limited experience in the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques. This book will be ideal for all who are searching for clear guidance that is faithful to the established principles of spine surgery and evidence-based medicine. In addition to the comprehensive coverage of procedures appropriate in different pathologies, including thoracic disc herniation, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, and stenosis, individual chapters address the transforaminal endoscopic approach, interventional treatment, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and navigation for thoracic spine surgery.

About the Author

Sang-Ho Lee, MD, PhD
Chairman, Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, Korea
Founder and Honorary President, World Congress of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery and Techniques
Clinical professor of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of medicine

Junseok Bae, MD

President and Medical Director

Director, Wooridul International Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Fellowship Program

Department of Neurological Surgery

Chungdam Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, Korea

Sang-Hyep Jeon, MD

President and Medical Director

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
Busan Wooridul Spine Hospital, Busan, Korea

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